expressed powers
the powers enumerated in the Constitution that are granted to the federal government
delegated powers
constitutional powers assigned to one government agency but exercised by another agency with the express permission of the first
inherent powers
powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the Constitution but are inferred from it
commander in chief
the power of the president as commander of the national military and the state national guard units
reprieve
cancellation or postponement of a punishment
pardon
forgiveness of a crime and cancellation of relevant penalty
amnesty
a pardon extended to a group of persons
executive agreement
an agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent
executive privilege
the claim that confidential communcations between the president and the president's close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president
veto
the president's constitutional power to turn down acts of Congress within 10 days of their passage whil Congress is in session
pocket veto
a veto that is effected when Congress adjourns during the time a president has to approve a bill and the president takes no action on it
line-item veto
the power of the executive to veto specific provisions (lines) of a bill passed by the legislature
War Powers Resolution
a resolution of Congress declaring that the president can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress or if US troops are already under attack or seriously threatened
legislative initiative
the president's inherent power to bring a legislative agenda before Congress
executive order
a rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislation
cabinet
the secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major departments of the federal government
National Security Council (NSC)
a presidential foreign policy advisory council composed of the president, the vice president, the secretaries of state, defense, and the treasury, the attorney general, and other officials invited by the president
White House staff
the analysts and advisers to the president, often given the title "special assistant
kitchen cabinet
an informal group of advisers to whom the president turns to for counsel and guidance
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
the permanent agencies that perform defined management tasks for the president created in 1939
what the EOP includes
the Office of Management and Budget
the Council of Economic Advisers
the National Security Council
etc
regulatory review
the OMB function of reviewing all agency regulations and other rule making before they become official policy
signing statement
an announcement made by the president when a bill is signed into law
2 things that make the president unqiue
head of state and head of government
both powerful and weak
difference between head of state and head of government
head of state is a symbolic office
3 things the president must rely on
personal persuasion
professional reputation
public prestige
best typology for president
active positive
worst typology for president
active negative
president examples of active positive
jefferson
roosevelt
clinton
president examples of active negative
adams
lincoln
nixon
president examples of passive positive
madison
reagan
president examples of passive negative
washington
coolidge
eisenhower
James Barber's argument
that the president's character determines how he governs and what kind of presidency and administration he has
President may propose but...
Congress must dispose
President may nominate but...
Congress must confirm
President is Commander in Chief but...
only Congress may declare war
President may want to act but...
only Congress has the power to pursue
President may veto but...
Congress can override veto
President may denounce or call out members of Congress but...
House may impeach and Senate may remove president
President may nominate legislature but...
has no control after judicial review
judicial power over president
Chief justice presides during impeachment trial
Richard Neustadt's argument
presidential power is the power to persuade
principal agent problem
how do we make sure the agent fulfills the principal's agenda
4 powers of the president
judicial power
diplomatic power
executive power
legislative power
3 things bureaucrats do
implement laws
make and enforce rules
settle disputes
the difference between fiscal policy and monetary policy
fiscal policy includes taxing and spending activities while monetary policy focuses on banks, credit, and currency
fiscal policy is primarily performed in the...
Treasury Department
4 types of original jurisdiction
between the US and one of the 50 states
between two or more states
involving foreign ambassadors or other ministers
brought by one state against citizens of another state or against a foreign country
step 1 of the supreme court's decision making process
the court receives briefs (amicus curiae briefs possibly)
step 2 of the supreme court's decision making process
oral argument (one hour total)
step 3 of the supreme court's decision making process
conference over the case, discuss by seniority and vote by reverse seniority
per curiam
opinion of the court
Max weber's theory
bureaucracy is characterized by hierarchical organization
going native
administrators identifying themselves with the interests of their own departments and promoting such interests contrary to the policy preferences of the President
the switch in time that saved nine
the sudden jurisprudential shift by Associate Justice Owen J. Roberts of the U.S. Supreme Court that kept the Supreme Court at nine justices
Steve Skowronek
dismal failure to stunning success (adams to jefferson, buchanan to lincoln) because of supporting of opposing previous president's ideas and sucessor's views of the previous president's ideas
bureaucrats
politicians who make decisions, form coalitions, and engage in bargaining