Bills of attainder are laws
under which specific persons or groups are detained and sentenced without trial
The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as
habeas corpus
The Supreme Court began the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states
in 1897
The source of authority cited by the Supreme Court for applying the Bill of Rights to the states is
the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
_____ describes the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states on a case?by?case basis.
Selective incorporation
The establishment clause guarantees
that government will not create and support an official state church.
According to the Supreme Court, the saying of prayers in public schools
violates the establishment clause
The Lemon test established that
there shall be no excessive entanglement of government and religion.
Which of the following is NOT offered by the textbook as a reason that free speech is valuable?
It is good for economic development
In attempting to decide when speech can be prohibited, the Supreme Court has
made it harder for the government to suppress speech.
The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as
political correctness
In the landmark case of Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court established the rule that
prior restraint is permissible only in rare cases of extreme emergency.
Written defamation of character is known as
libel
In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant's right to a fair trial, the Supreme Court has
generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings.
In 2008 and 2010 the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment
establishes an individual right to bear arms.
Under the Fourth Amendment, police officers seeking to conduct a search
can search a car without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe a crime was committed.
The exclusionary rule is the Supreme Court rule that states that
evidence seized in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights cannot be used to obtain a conviction.
Miranda v. Arizona held that
police have to advise people of their constitutional rights prior to questioning.
The Supreme Court has ruled that the right to refuse medical life?support
is a matter for individuals to decide for themselves.
The difference between civil rights and civil liberties is
that civil rights involve government action to secure rights of citizenship while civil liberties involve individual freedoms that limit the power of government.
John Locke's theory of the _____ was based on the notion that people would agree to give up some rights in exchange for the greater common good.
social contract
It is difficult for the Supreme Court to determine the exact meaning of obscenity because
the whole area is so subjective that wide disagreement exists.
In the Gideon v. Wainwright ruling, the Supreme Court
incorporated the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of the right to counsel.
The Supreme Court's ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut is significant because it
opened the door for a variety of claims regarding the right to privacy.
The exclusionary rule is an important aspect of due process because it
serves as a protection against police abuse of power.