ARACHNIDS examples
Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions
arachnids are
Arthropods with: 2 body sections 4 pairs of legs no antennae
arachnids' body has 2 sections
1) Head and midsection
2) Hind end called the ABDOMEN
Abomen contains
reproductive organs and part of the digestive system
Spiders are predators that eat
insects
When it ocmes to capturing the prey some spiders
hunt them down others spin webs to trap them
Spiders hollow fangs are used to
inject venom into prey
Spiders' benum turns
prey's tissues into mush
Spiders also use fangs as
a drinking straw to eat
Most spiders do not bite humans
those that do are mostly not poisonous except the brown recluse and black widow
MITES examples
Ear mites, Chiggers
Mites are
Parasites
Ear mites give
dogs and cats itchy ears
Dust allergies may actually be
allergies to the exoskeletons of dust mites
SCORPIONS
Live in hot climates & are usually active at nighttime
scorpions have a
Spine-like stinger at the end of the abdomen
Scorpions (like spiders)
Uses stinger to inject venom into prey, usually a spider or insect
TICKS
Parasites that live on outside of host's body
Nearly every land animal has
a tick species that sucks its blood
Deer tick spreads
Lyme Disease in humans
Centipedes and Millipedes
Arthropods with: 2 body sections
One with a head with 1 pair of antennae
Long abdomen with many segments
Centipedes have
1 pair of legs for each segment
Centipedes have how many segments
80+
Centipedes
Predators that inject venom in prey
Millipedes have
2 pairs of legs for each segment
Millipedes are scavengers
they eat dying leaves & curl into a ball when danger arises
INSECTS examples
Moths, caterpillars, dragonflies, cockroaches, bees
insects are
Arthropods with: 3 body sections (Head, Thorax, Abdomen) 6 legs1 pair of antennae
Usually 1-2 pairs of wings
insects head -
contains sense organs like antennae and eyes
insects thorax-
midsection where legs/wings attach
insects abdomen-
contains internal organs
in insects mouthparts are adapted for
a highly specific way of getting food
examples of mouthparts in insects
LAPPING - fly
SUCKING - butterfly
CHEWING - ant
insects begin life
as tiny, hard-shelled fertilized eggs
insects' 2nd stage of life cycle may go through
2 different types of metamorphosis
In insects, Complete Metamorphosis-
butterflies, flies, ants
In insects Gradual Metamorphosis
- grasshoppers, dragonflies
Complete Metamorphosis has
4 stages
4 stages of complete metamorphosis
Eggs hatch into larvae
Larvae
Pupa
Adult
Larvae becoming Pupa
Major changes in structure occurring in this phase
Larvae usually look like
worms and specialized for eating and growing
Larvae become
Pupa
Pupa becomes
an Adult
Pupa are enclosed
in protective covering
IN Gradual Metamorphosis-
Egg hatches into Nymph
In Gradual metamorphosis ther is
No distinct larval stage the insect looks like adult but without wings
Nymph molts (sheds)
several times before becoming an adult
Ecology
study of food chains and other ways organisms interact with their environment
Food chain-
series of events in which one organism eat another in order to obtain energy
All food chains have
producers and consumers (some have decomposers)
Insects as: Consumers of
plants (caterpillars)
Insects as:Prey to
animals (birds eat insects)
Insects as:Decomposers
(termites and dung beetles)
Insects as:Food for
humans (crickets and cicadas)
Moving pollen among plants
insects act as pollinators
Insect can spread disease-causing organisms for example
Malaria- spread by mosquitoes
It is possible to control pests by using
Chemicals- pesticides
Traps
Other living things
Biological control
- using a natural predator to kill harmful insects
Example of biological control:
Lady bugs eat aphids that harm plants
Echinoderms examples
Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars
Echinoderms
are Invertebrates with internal skeleton
Echinoderms' internal skeleton is called
ENDOSKELETON is made of hardened plates and give animal a bumpy texture
Echinoderms' Fluid-filled tubes are their
water vascular system
Echinoderms have Radial symmetry
in multiples of 5 like spokes on a wheel
Echinoderms use (for movement)
tube feet
tube feet
Fill with water and act like tiny suction cups
Echinoderms reproduce
sexually
Female Echinoderms release
eggs into the water
Male Echinoderms release
sperms into the water
Echinoderms' eggs
are fertilized in the water
Echinoderms' fertilized eggs
become swimming larvae
Echinoderms' larvae
metamorph into adults
Echinoderms 4 major groups
Sea Stars, Brittle Stars, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers
Sea stars are
Predators that eat mollusks
Sea Stars Capture prey
with their tube feet
Sea Stars odd way to eat a prey
Forces stomach out through mouth and
forces itself inside the animal to eat its insides
Brittle Stars Arms are
long and slender;
Brittle StarsTube feet have no
suction cups, so only used for capturing food and not for movement
Brittle Stars move
by waving arms in a snake-like motion
Sea Urchins have no
arms
Scrape and cut food
with 5 teeth-like
structures
Sea Urchins are covered
with moveable spines for protection
Sea Urchins use band of tube feet
that extend out from between spines for movement
Sea Cucumbers look like
cucumbers; can be red, brown, blue or green.
Sea Cucumbers Bodies
are soft, flexible, and muscular
Sea Cucumbers are
Filter feeders that crawl with tube feet and have a mouth surrounded by tentacles