When do endospores form?
harsh environmental conditions
What important role do bacteria called decomposers play?
they return basic chemicals to the environment
Which shape describes some bacterial cells?
spiral
Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells?
genetic material
What process results in genetically different bacteria?
conjugation
Which of the following is not a role of bacteria that live in human bodies?
fixing nitrogen
Binary fission is the bacterial process of what reproduction?
asexual reproduction
The process of breaking down food to release its energy is called what?
respiration
Heterotrophic bacteria obtain food by what?
consuming autotrophs and other heterotrophs
Which of the following structures are always found in bacterial cells?
ribosomes
Many bacterial diseases can be cured using what?
antibiotics
Which of the following stimulates a person's body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria?
vaccine
protozoan
animal-like protists
contractile vacuole
a structure that collects the extra water and then expels it from the cell
spore
a tiny i am tired cell that is able to grow into a new organism
mutualism
when both partners benefit from symbiosis
hyphae
the branching thread-like tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi
budding
unicellular yeast cells undergo this form of asexual reproduction
fungi
eukaryotes that have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food, and uses spores to reproduction
symbiosis
a close relationship in which at least one of the species benefits
fruiting bodies
reproductive structures that produce spores
protists
eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi
cilia
hairlike projections from cells that move with food
pseudopod
enable sarcodines to move
lichen
consists of a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live longer in a mutualistic relationship
algae
plantlike protists that are extremely diverse
Why are viruses like parasites?
they harm the cells they enter
The genetic material of a virus is found in its
core
A virus's proteins are important because they
help the virus attach to its host
Which of the following statements does NOT describe an active virus?
it "hides" in the host cell
The best treatment for most viral infections is
bed rest
How does a vaccine work?
it activates the bodies natural defenses
Viruses are considered to be nonliving because they
do not show all the characteristics of life
What directly provides energy for a virus?
its host
Which phrase describes the size of virus particles?
smaller than cells
Which statement about a virus's coat is NOT true?
it contains genetic material
A hidden virus
immediately takes over the cell's functions
You have a cold, but your doctor will not give you an antibiotic, because
antibiotics do not kill viruses
Which of the following stimulates a person's body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria?
vaccine
decomposers
organisms that break down large chemicals into small chemicals
bacteria
single celled organisms that lack a nucleus, prokaryotes
host
a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism
binary fission
bacteria reproduce in this process. in which one cell divides to form of asexual reproduction
bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacteria
sexual reproduction
two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
endospore
a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell
conjugation
one bacterium transfers some genetic material to another bacterium through a threadlike bridge
flagellum
a long, whip-like structure that helps a cell to move
vaccine
a substance introduced to the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease-causing viruses and organisms
asexual reproduction
a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
virus
a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then multiplies inside a living cell
parasites
organisms that live on or in a host and cause the harm