cuticle
covering the stems, leaves, and flowers of a plant
cellulose
what cell walls contain, a chemical compound that plants make out of sugar
stomata
small openings in a leaves epidermis
guard cells
something a stoma is surrounded surrounded by, opens and closes it
xylem
a tissue made up of hollow, tubular cells that are stacked one on top of the other to form a structure called a vessel
pholem
a tissue made up of tubular cells that are stacked to form structures called tubes
cambium
a tissue that produces most of the new xylem and pholem cells.
Plants are made up of ______ cells and vary greatly in size and shape.
eukaryotic
Plants usually have some form of _____, _______, and ________.
leaves stems roots
As plants evolved from aquatic to land ________, changes occurred in how they ________, supported themselves, and moved substances from one part of the plant to the other.
environments reproduced
The plant kingdom is classified into groups called ______.
divisions
_______ plants contain nonvascular and vascular types.
Seedless
Most seedless ____ plants have no true leaves, stems, or roots. Reproduction is usually by ______.
nonvascular spores
Seedless _____ plants have vascular tissues that move substances throughout the plant. These plants may reproduce by ______.
vascular spores
Many ancient forms of these plants underwent a process that resulted in the formation of _____.
coal
_____ plants are adapted to survive in nearly every environment on Earth.
Seed
Seed plants produce seeds and have _____ tissue, stems, roots, and leaves.
vascular
The two major groups of seed plants are _____ and _____.
...
life cycle
a pattern of growing and changing
germinate
to grow, usually a seed or spore, using food, water, and warmth
seedling
sprouts of a baby plant that begin to sprout out of the seed
maturity
when a plant reaches full growth
photosynthesis
the process in which plants create their own food
Plants use _____ to make food.
energy
chlorophyll
a special structure deep in a plant's cells that traps the sun's energy inside the plant's leaves
Plants breathe ______ _______.
carbon dioxide
Some important plants to a plant are ____, _____, and ______.
nitrogen potassium and phosphorous
flowering plant
plants that have flowers that allow them to reproduce
nonflowering plant
plants that do not use flowers to reproduce
vascular plant
has stems and veins that transport the plant's food and water
nonvascular plant
plants that do not have roots, stems, or leaves
monocots
flowering plants that have one seed leaf
dicots
flowering plants that have two seed leaves
gymnosperms
plants that leave their seeds out in the open
conifers
plants that hide their seeds in layers of protection
reproduce
creating offspring (baby plants)
adapted
changing to meet the particular needs of an environment
roots
the foundation of a plant which collects water
stem
holds the plant up and stores water and nutrients and transfers them to other parts of the plant
trunk
the stem of a tree, thicker to support the giant tree.
flexibility
how much a plant can bend
leaves
make food for the plant using photosynthesis
animals
help reproduce plants by carrying seeds
wind
takes pollen to reproduce plants