states of matter
the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas.
solid
the state of matter have definite shape and definite volume - particles are close together
liquid
The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
surface tension
The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface.
viscosity
The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow.
gas
A form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape. They move free & quick
temperature
A measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the movement of particles.
volume
A measure of the size of a body or region in three dimensional space.
pressure
The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface.
Boyle's Law
If the pressure of a gas increases, the volume of a gas will decrease as long as temp doesn't change.
Charles's Law
If the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas will increase as long as the pressure doesn't change.
change of state
The change of a substance from one physical state to another.
melting
The change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy
evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
boiling
The conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.
condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid.
sublimation
The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without going through a liquid phase - example, dry ice.
pascal's principle
a change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted equally and unchanged in all directions throughout the fluid
kinetic theory
the theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules) moving constantly in random directions
equation for pressure
P=F/A
law of conversion of mass and energy
states that mass can not be created nor destroyed and energy cannot be created or destroyed
Gay-Lussac's law
the law that states that the pressure of a gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
buoyant force
upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid
thermal energy
the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance.
vibrational
the only movement that solid objects have because the particles have a strong attraction between them
crystalline
very orderly and in repeating patterns of rows - examples ice, aluminum, & diamond
amorphous
do not have any special arrangement and are not in a pattern - examples glass, rubber, & wax
greater the surface tension
the taller the bead a liquid will form then....
greater the viscosity
stronger the attraction is in a liquid then...
empty space
gases have a large amount of this between particles which can change.
energy
the faster the particles move, the more of this they have....
increase
if temperature increases what will the volume of a gas do?
decrease
If temperature decreases, what will the volume of a gas do?
indirect proportion
when one variable goes up as the other one goes down it is called....
direct proportion
when one variable goes up as the other goes up, it is called....
melting point
temperature where a solid changes to a liquid
endothermic process
when melting occurs, the substance takes in energy and is called this....
freezing
change from a liquid state to solid state because the temperature decreases
freezing point
the temperature where a liquid changes to a solid
exothermic process
when freezing occurs, the substance has to become cooler by giving off heat
boiling point
temperature where a substance begins to boil
water boils
temperature of 100 degrees C @ sea level only
atmospheric pressure
this can change the boiling point of a substance - higher the pressure, the lower the boiling point
evaporation
reverse of condensation
deposition
Gas to Solid without going through the liquid phase - frost forming on a window
attraction between particles
energy added during a change of state is used to break the