What equation would you use to find the volume of a rectangular box?
Volume = length x width x height
Which units would you use to express the volume of an irregular solid such as a rock?
cm3 (centimeters cubed)
What is the best way to tell if a chemical change has taken place?
composition change, it changes to a new substance
What are the chemical properties of matter?
reactivity
Which property of matter is a measure of the gravitational force?
weight
In a graduated cylinder contiaining several layers of liquids, where is the least dense liquid found?
on top
What chemical property is responsible for rusting iron?
reactivity with oxygen
Why is the motion of a 150 g ball is more difficult to change than the motion of a 50 g ball?
because of its mass
What unit of measuremant would be appropriate to describe the density of a bar of silver?
grams/ centimeter cubed g/cm3
Which physical property describes the relationship b/t mass and volume?
density
Malleability is an example of a
physical property
What has mass and takes up space?
matter
Why is density considered a useful property for identifying matter?
it is unique to each substance
How can you tell that baking a cake produces a chemical change?
entirely new substance is formed
Crystalline solids include:
repeating rows of patterns
Boyles Law states that at constant temperature
the volume of the gas is inversely related to pressure (volume increases as pressure decreases)
Charles Law states that
as temperature of a gas increases the volume increases, as temperature decreases the volume decreases
How do the particles of water that evaporate differ form those that remain?
evaporated particles have more speed and more energy
A drop of vinegar will flow and spread out but a drop of vegetable oil will form a bead. This is evidence that
vinegar lower viscosity and surface tension
Which of the following examples involves an exothermic change?
condensation and droplets on cup
Boiling point, melting point and density are some of an element's
physical properties
When two or more elements join together chemically,
compound formed
How do elements join to form compounds?
specific mass ratio
What is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined?
compound
If a spoon of salt is mixed in a glass of water, what is the water called
solvent
What is a solid solution of a metal or nonmetal dissolved in a metal?
alloy
The flammability of a substance is
chemical property
When elements form mixtures, the elements
keep original properties
How are metalloids similar to metals?
Some good conductors of electricity
The smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance is called a(n)
atom
How would you describe the nucleus?
dense, positively charged
Where are electrons likely to be found?
electron cloud
Dalton believed that
atoms of same element exactly alike
What did Democritus, Dalton, Thomas, Rutherford, and Bohr all have in common?
contributed to develop atomic theory
An atom of gold with 79 protons, 79 electron, and 118 neutrons would have a mass number of
197
Which part of an atom has the least mass?
electron
Each vertical column on the periodic table is called a(n)
group
The elements to the right of the zigzag line on the period table are called
nonmetal
Most metals are
solid at room temperature and good conductors
Mendeleev arranged the elements by
increasing atomic mass
The horizontal row on the period table is called a(n)
period
Transitional metals are
good conductors thermal energy
What element makes up about 20% of the air we breathe?
02
The groups of elements that do not have individual names are called the
Transition metals
The law of conservation of energy states what?
chemical reaction, energy is not created or destroyed, but can change
What usually increases the rate of a reaction?
grinding to powder,stirring, adding heat, energy
The amount of matter in a given volume is
mass
The amount of space something occupies is its
volume
The ways that scientists answer question is
the scientific method
The summary of many results and observations
scientific law
A measure of the amount of matter in objects
mass
A measure of the gravitational force on object
weight
The amount of space occupied by an object
volume
The tendency of matter to resist changes in motion
inertia
Objects float or sink as a result of this property
density
The physical form in which a substance exists
states of matter
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
elements
A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
pure substance
Am element that is shiny and conducts heat and electric current
metal
Element that conducts heat and electricity poorly and can be a solid, liquid, or gas
nonmetal
Elements that have properties of both metals ans non metals, semi conductors
metalliods
Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
mixture
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase
solution
Substance that dissolves in a solvent
solute
Substance in which a solution dissolves
solvent
Amount of a substance in a given quanity of a mixture, solution, or ore
concentration
Ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure
solubility
Which side is the reactant on? 2OH + 2Cl --- 2OHCl
Left
Which side is the product on? 2OH + 2Cl -----2OHCl
right
Mixture in which the particles are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas
suspension
Mixture consisting of tiny particles of a material that are intermediate in size between those in solution and those in suspensions
colloid
Positively charges subatomic particle
proton
Negatively charged subatomic particle
electron
Uncharged particle
Neutron
Sum of protons and neutrons
Atomic mass
Describes the mass of an atom
atomic mass unit
Number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic number
How many valence electrons do the elements in group 1 have?
1
How many valence electrons do the elements in group 18 have?
8
How many valence electrons to the elements in group 2 have?
2
How many valence electrons do the elements in group 13 have?
3
How many valence electrons do the elements in group 16 have?
6