an organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen is called a
hydrocarbon
carbon to carbon bonds are
covalent
all of the following are hydrocarbon groups except: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkalines
alkalines
the group -C2H5 is called
ethyl
Compounds with the same molecular formulas but with different structures are called
isomers
hydrocarbons with double bonds are the
alkenes
a hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon triple bond is an
alkyne
hydrocarbons that have one to four carbon atoms are
gases
the process where large hydrocarbons are converted into smaller ones is called
cracking
the atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that is the site of a chemical reaction is called the
functional group
a hydroxyl, -OH, functional group is found in
alcohols
the oxidation of ethanol, C2H5OH, produces
acetic acid
an organic compound is a compound that
contains carbon, whether it was formed by a living thing or not
there are millions of organic compounds but only thousands inorganic compounds because
carbon atoms can combine with up to four other atoms including other carbon atoms
you know for sure that the compound named decane has
more than 10 isomers, 10 carbon atoms in each molecule and only single bonds
an alkane with four carbon atoms would have how many hydrogen atoms in each molecule
10
isomers are compounds with the same
molecular formula with different structures
isomers have
different physical and chemical properties
the organic compound trimethylpentane is an isomer of
octane
which of the following would not occur as an unsaturated hydrocarbon? alkane, alkene or alkyne?
alkane
petroleum is believed to have formed mostly from the anaerobic decomposition of buried
plankton and algae
the label on a container states that the product contains "petroleum distillates." Which of the following hydrocarbons is probably present? CH4, C5H12, C16H34, C40H82
C5H12
The reaction C2H2 + Br2 -> C2H2Br2 is a
addition reaction
ethylene molecules can add to one another in a reaction to form a long chain called a
polymer
chemical reactions usually take place on an organic compound at the site of a
double bond, lone pair of electrons, or functional group
the R in ROH represents
a hydrocarbon group with a name ending in -yl
the OH in ROH represents
a functional group
What is the proof of a "wine cooler" what is 5 percent alcohol by volume?
10 proof
an alcohol with two hydroxyl groups per molecule is called an
glycol
a bottle of wine that has 'gone bad' contains
CH3COOH
a protein is a polymer formed from the linking of many
amino acid molecules
which of the following is not converted to blood sugar by the human body?
cellulose
fats from animals and oils from plants have the general structure of an
ester
liquid oils from plants can be converted to solids by adding what to the molecules?
hydrogen
the basic difference between a monomer of polyethlene and a monomer of polyvinyl chloride is
the replacement of hydrogen by a chlorine
many synthetic polymers become a problem in the environment because they
do not readily decompose and tend to accumulate
which of the following terms does not describe an alkane? Paraffin, single bonds, double bonds or straight chain
double bonds
a straight chain with four carbons is called
butane
what is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
An organic molecule that does not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms is called
unsaturated
what is the general formula for an alkyne?
CnH2n-2
Acetylene is fuel used in welding and an important to reactant in the synthesis of plastics. Acetylene is an
alkyne
aromatic hydrocarbons are often used as
solvents
fractional distillation separates different fractions by differences in their
boiling point
the rate of combustion of gasoline is quantified by
octane number
a petroleum product that is composed of hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbone atoms per molecule is
motor oil
the organic acid that is found in sour milk, pickles, and in your muscles as a product of carbohydrate metabolism is
lactic acid
what are the organic compounds that are used in perfumes and for artificial flavors?
esters
sugars, starches and cellulose belong to which class of organic compounds?
carbohydrates
a mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes and some aromatic hydrocarbons
petroleum
formed when one or more hydrogen atoms on a hydrocarbon have been replaced by some element or group of elements other than hydrogen
hydrocarbon derivatives
the atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that is the site of a chemical reaction
functional group
a very large molecule that is a combination of many smaller, similar molecules joined together in a chainlike structure
macromolecule
organic molecules with acid and amino functional groups
amino acids
simple sugars, the smallest units that have the characteristics of carbohydrates and can be combined to make larger complex carbohydrates
monosaccharides
two monosaccharides joined together
disaccharides
polymers consisting of monosaccharide units joined together in straight or branched chains
polysaccharides
a group of complex carbohydrates composed of many glucose units that plants use as a stored food source
starches
a polysaccharide that is abundant in plants, forming the fibers in cell walls that preserve the structure of plant materials
cellulose