political machines
Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.
Progressives
A group of reformers who worked to solve problems caused by the rapid industrial urban growth of the late 1800s.
muckrakers
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
Seventeenth Amendment
1913 constitutional amendment allowing American voters to directly elect US senators
recall
procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
initiative
Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.
Robert M. LaFollette
Three term governor of Wisconsin, then U.S. Senator in 1906, he was one of the earliest proponents of Progressive Reform.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
a fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Dramatized the poor working conditions and let to federal regula
worker's compensation laws
State statutes establishing an administrative procedure for compensating workers for injuries that arise out of�or in the course of�their employment, regardless of fault.
capitalism
An economic system based on private property and free enterprise.
socialism
A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
William "Big Bill" Haywood
Leader of the IWW ( Industrial Workers of the World ) whose goal was to organize all workers into one union to overthrow Capitalism
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several
Eighteenth Amendment
Prohibition Law" declared it illegal to make, transport, or sell alcohol in the United States.
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in 1890 to promote the cause of women's suffrage.
Alice Paul
leader of the National Woman's party, campaigned for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution
Nineteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.
Booker T. Washington
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery.
Ida B. Wells (1862-1931)
An African-American woman who achieved nationwide attention as leader of the anti-lynching crusade. A writer, she became part-owner of a newspaper, the Memphis Free Speech. In May 1892, in response to an article on a local lynching, a mob ransacked her of
W.E.B. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910. He believed that African Americans should openly protest unjust treatment and demand equal rights immediately.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
It's a civil rights organization that supports economic and educational equality for African Americans. In it's early days, it worked to secure for African Americans the rights guaranteed by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. These included equal protec
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal."r
Pure Food and Drug Act
the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs
conservation
Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment
William Howard Taft
(1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger op
Progressive Party
Also known as the "Bull Moose Party", this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican Party's nomination, Roos
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points
Sixteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.