warrant
A document signed by a judge that permits police officers to conduct a search. Request for a warrant must show probable cause.
probable cause
Reasonable grounds for having suspicions and requesting a warrant.
Grand Jury
Usually made up of 16-23 jurors, determines whether there is sufficient evidence to take a case to trial. Can call witnesses and examine evidence.
double jeopardy
No person can be tried twice for the same crime.
self-incrimination
Testifying against yourself�people accused of crimes have the right not to testify against themselves.
Pleading the Fifth
Refusing to answer questions because the answers may be self-incriminating (reference to 5th amendment).
Due process of law
Due process means fairness. One cannot lose life, liberty, or property unless the law/procedures used in the case are fair.
eminent domain
The process by which government takes over private property for public purposes. Ex: government buys your land to build a road.
property rights
The right to secure the possession of property.
attorney/lawyer/counsel
Someone who helps guide you through the legal process, comes to your aid if you commit a crime.
bail
Something of value, usually money, which a defendant gives to the court to act as a placeholder�helps guarantee that person will appear in court.
amendment
A change or addition to the Constitution
ratification
To approve
Equal Protection" Clause
14th amendment required that all citizens are entitled to equal protection under the law.
poll taxes
A special tax paid in order to vote
suffrage
The right to vote
civil disobedience
Refusal to obey laws considered unjust
Equal Rights Amendment
Equality of rights should not be denied on account of gender
forced internment
Captivity or imprisonment
involuntary servitude
Any form of forced labor