Fort Sumter
Lincoln sent supplies to this for in Charleston Harbor, SC. Confederate forces fired on the fort, starting the Civil War.
states' rights
Many Southerners believed states had the right to leave the Union if the wished.
sectionalism
people felt greater loyalty to their section - the North, South, or West - than to the nation as a whole
abolitionists
reformers who worked to abolish (end) slavery
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state; slavery prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36� 30� latitude line.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular sovereignty to determine the slavery question in remaining territories of Louisiana Purchase., reopening the slavery issue there.
popular sovereignty
the rule of the people
Dred Scott decision
Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott, an African American, was not a citizen and had no right to sue in court; the Court also ruled that Congress had no right to forbid slavery in territories.
Frederick Douglass
a former slave and abolitionist who used his personal stories of slavery to fight for its end
Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state; the sale of slaves banned in Washington, D.C.; included the Fugitive Slave Act; popular sovereignty applied to the slavery question in the rest of Mexican Cession (West Coast)
Fugitive Slave Act
required free states in the North to cooperate in returning runaway slaves to their owners in the South
Republican Party
political party that opposed the extension of slavery
Abraham Lincoln
Republican presidential candidate who won the election in 1860 with only 39% of the popular vote.
secession (to secede)
South Carolina immediately left the Union. Six Southern states followed, forming the Confederacy. Four states of the upper South left the Union after war broke out.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln declared all slaves who live in rebel states were free
Gettysburg
The turning point of the Civil War - after a substantial loss of life the union defeated the Confederacy at this battle
Vicksburg
This battle allowed the Union to take control of the Mississippi River and therefore prevent the South from using this important means of transportation
Appomattox
location of Confederate surrender - Civil War ends
Reconstruction
Southern states had to be readmitted into the Union, incorporate the emancipated freedmen into public life, and rebuild their war-torn economies
13th amendment
Abolishes slavery
Freedmen's Bureau
created to help former slaves adjust - set up schools to educate them
Andrew Johnson
President of the United States during Reconstruction - pardoned many Confederate leaders
Radical Republicans
believed that the South should be punished for the Civil War and that African Americans should be granted full political equality to whites
Black Codes
law inspired by former slave codes - limited the civil rights and freedom of movement of freedmen
Civil Rights Act of 1866
created to combat Black Codes - granted freedmen their civil rights and became the inspiration for the 14th Amendment
14th Amendment
guarantees all citizens equal protection under the law and due process
15th Amendment
prohibits denial of voting rights based on race
Carpetbagger
Northerners who moved to the South to run for public office
Scalawag
Southerners who supported the Republican Reconstruction agenda
Sharecropping
Southern plantation owners could not afford to pay for labor and emancipated slaves did not own land. This agreement allowed former slaves to work the plantation owner's land in exchange for a portion of the crops grown
Debt peonage
A consequence of sharecropping - many freedmen became indebted to their former master's because they could not afford the rent on the land they were farming (not growing enough crops to eat and sell)
Ku Klux Klan
terrorized African Americans and prevented them from exercising their political rights.
Jim Crow Laws
developed in the South at the end of Reconstruction in order to segregate whites and blacks politically, socially, and economically
Segregation
separation based on race
Plessy v. Ferguson
supports the constitutionality of segregation. Supreme court ruled that segregated institutions should be "separate but equal" in every way.
Fort Sumter
Lincoln sent supplies to this for in Charleston Harbor, SC. Confederate forces fired on the fort, starting the Civil War.
states' rights
Many Southerners believed states had the right to leave the Union if the wished.
sectionalism
people felt greater loyalty to their section - the North, South, or West - than to the nation as a whole
abolitionists
reformers who worked to abolish (end) slavery
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state; slavery prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36� 30� latitude line.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular sovereignty to determine the slavery question in remaining territories of Louisiana Purchase., reopening the slavery issue there.
popular sovereignty
the rule of the people
Dred Scott decision
Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott, an African American, was not a citizen and had no right to sue in court; the Court also ruled that Congress had no right to forbid slavery in territories.
Frederick Douglass
a former slave and abolitionist who used his personal stories of slavery to fight for its end
Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state; the sale of slaves banned in Washington, D.C.; included the Fugitive Slave Act; popular sovereignty applied to the slavery question in the rest of Mexican Cession (West Coast)
Fugitive Slave Act
required free states in the North to cooperate in returning runaway slaves to their owners in the South
Republican Party
political party that opposed the extension of slavery
Abraham Lincoln
Republican presidential candidate who won the election in 1860 with only 39% of the popular vote.
secession (to secede)
South Carolina immediately left the Union. Six Southern states followed, forming the Confederacy. Four states of the upper South left the Union after war broke out.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln declared all slaves who live in rebel states were free
Gettysburg
The turning point of the Civil War - after a substantial loss of life the union defeated the Confederacy at this battle
Vicksburg
This battle allowed the Union to take control of the Mississippi River and therefore prevent the South from using this important means of transportation
Appomattox
location of Confederate surrender - Civil War ends
Reconstruction
Southern states had to be readmitted into the Union, incorporate the emancipated freedmen into public life, and rebuild their war-torn economies
13th amendment
Abolishes slavery
Freedmen's Bureau
created to help former slaves adjust - set up schools to educate them
Andrew Johnson
President of the United States during Reconstruction - pardoned many Confederate leaders
Radical Republicans
believed that the South should be punished for the Civil War and that African Americans should be granted full political equality to whites
Black Codes
law inspired by former slave codes - limited the civil rights and freedom of movement of freedmen
Civil Rights Act of 1866
created to combat Black Codes - granted freedmen their civil rights and became the inspiration for the 14th Amendment
14th Amendment
guarantees all citizens equal protection under the law and due process
15th Amendment
prohibits denial of voting rights based on race
Carpetbagger
Northerners who moved to the South to run for public office
Scalawag
Southerners who supported the Republican Reconstruction agenda
Sharecropping
Southern plantation owners could not afford to pay for labor and emancipated slaves did not own land. This agreement allowed former slaves to work the plantation owner's land in exchange for a portion of the crops grown
Debt peonage
A consequence of sharecropping - many freedmen became indebted to their former master's because they could not afford the rent on the land they were farming (not growing enough crops to eat and sell)
Ku Klux Klan
terrorized African Americans and prevented them from exercising their political rights.
Jim Crow Laws
developed in the South at the end of Reconstruction in order to segregate whites and blacks politically, socially, and economically
Segregation
separation based on race
Plessy v. Ferguson
supports the constitutionality of segregation. Supreme court ruled that segregated institutions should be "separate but equal" in every way.