EPJ 5th Grade Social Studies Civil War -RECONSTRUCTION Review

What was Reconstruction?

The time after the civil war when the South rejoined the Union (country).

Did everyone agree on how to bring the south back into the union?

No.

How did some Northerners feel?

They were angry and blamed the south for starting the war.

Do you think it is fair that the north blamed the south?

Yes- they started started the war by having the first shot OR No- everyone was involved in the war so everyone should help rebuild.

What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

He did not want the south punished. He wanted the south to rebuild and the North to forgive.

Why were some southerners angry with Lincoln's plan?

They did not want to protect African Americans. They did not like having federal soldiers in the south to enforce the laws

What is the Ku Klux Klan?

A hate group. They were a secret group that would beat, and sometimes kill African Americans. The AA asked Congress to protect them from this group.

Did the Reconstruction work?

No. It did not reunite the nation.

What happened when the federal soldiers left the south?

Many African-Americans were unable to vote and lost political power.

Was it easy for the freed slaves, after the war ended?

No- they struggled to make a living and still were discriminated against. Especially in the South. Laws that were put in place to protect former slaves were often not followed by Whites.

What is sharecropping?

After slaves were freed, they wanted land but had no money. The landowners (whites) let poor whites and blacks use their land and then they had to "share" or give the landowner part of their crop.

Was sharecropping helpful?

Yes because it gave the blacks some freedom, but no because sometimes they could not afford to pay the landowner and then would be in debt (owed them). The landowners were still in charge.

What are Jim Crow laws?

Laws that kept blacks separate from whites. They made segregation (separation) legal.

What was the Freedman's Bureau?

A group that was formed to help poor blacks and whites get food, clothing, medical care and legal advice, and jobs.

What was the 13th Amendment?

Ended slavery.

What was the 14th Amendment?

Gave citizenship to African Americans. It was a response to the Black Codes.

What was the 15th Amendment?

Gave all men the right to vote.

What were the Black Codes?

laws that limited the rights of former (newly freed) slaves

How was sharecropping similar to slavery?

The land owner was still in charge.

What was life like in the South after the Reconstruction?

Whites were still unfair to blacks. Lots were poor and it was hard to earn a living.

slavery

The condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages.

How did Uncle Tom's Cabin influence the start of the Civil War?

The novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, portrayed/ exposed slavery as brutal and immoral.

John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry

This was a raid that was led by John Brown to one get weapons and two to start a revolt against slave owners.

How long did the Civil War last?

The period of warfare lasted from (1861-1865)

states rights

The idea that states have the right to limit the power of the federal government.

Why role did Fort Sumter play in the Civil War?

A fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War.

What was the Atlanta Campaign and the March to the Sea?

General William T. Sherman's attack on Atlanta; he destroyed railroads, businesses, and burned Atlanta to the ground. He then destroyed everything in his path from Atlanta to Savannah.

Appomattox Courthouse

The Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War.

What was Abraham Lincoln's role during the Civil War?

The 16th President of the United States, he saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves;

Robert E. Lee

An American soldier; he refused Lincoln's offer to head the Union army and agreed to lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union's commander General Grant at Appomattox

Ulysses Grant

An American general and the eighteenth President of the United States. He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

The general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863).

Battle of Gettysburg

The turning point in the war where the union stopped the confederates.

Sherman's March to the Sea

Led by General Sherman; he destroyed everything in his path from Tennessee to North Carolina.

Gettysburg Address

A famous speech given by Abraham Lincoln to mark a great victory for the Union and to inspire soldiers to continue fighting.

draft

Requires men of a certain age to serve in the military if they are called.

Reconstruction

The period immediately following the Civil War when the federal government set the conditions by which Confederate States would be allowed to return to the Union.

13th Amendment

This amendment abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

This amendment granted citizenship to anyone born in the United States, including freed African Americans. It also guarantees due process for all citizens and gives everyone equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

This amendment prohibits federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on his or her race.

Freedmen's Bureau

a government agency started by Abraham Lincoln. Its purpose was the help newly freed African Americans following the Civil War. The Bureau built schools, provided housing, created hospitals, and helped newly freed slaves find jobs.

Jim Crow Laws

These laws were passed by Southern states following Reconstruction. It created "separate, but equal" and enforced segregation throughout the south.

literacy tests

tests given by state governments to make sure all voters could read. These tests were given in ways intended to prevent African Americans from voting.

poll taxes

taxes required in order to vote in elections. These taxes prevented African Americans and poor whites from being able to vote.

sharecropping

an arrangement in which a farmer grows crops on land belonging to someone else. In return, the farmer receives a share of the value of the crops.

Constitution of the United States

A document that outlines the basis of the national government of the USA. It is made up of a Preamble, the main body, and amendments.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution. These amendments were ratified on December 15, 1791.

due process

A legal concept that ensures the government will respect all of a person's legal rights.

Amendment

A change to a document.

ratify

To agree or confirm

arms

Another name to call weapons

warrant

A legal document, signed by a judge, authorizing an officer to make an arrest, seize property, or make a search.

Legislature

A officially elected body of people that have the power and responsibility to make laws.

citizen

A legal member of a country.

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the United States; led the United States during the Civil War

Robert E. Lee

Commander of the Confederate forces in the Civil War

Ulysses S. Grant

18th president of the United States; Commander of the Union during the Civil War

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederacy during the Civil War and former United States Senator from Mississippi

John Brown

Abolitionist who led attacks on supporters of slavery

Dred Scott

Enslaved African American who claimed he was free because he had lived in a free state. His case reached the Supreme Court, which decide against him.

Harriet Tubman

An abolitionist who escaped slavery in about 1849 and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad; led more than 300 enslaved people to freedom

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

Confederate General who led the Confederate Army to victory in several battles early in the Civil War

border state

during the civil war, a state located between the Union and Confederacy that allowed slavery, but remained to the Union

Union

states that remained loyal to the United States government during the Civil War (North)

free state

state in which slavery was not allowed

Fugitive Slave Law

Law passed in 1850 that said escaped slaves had to be returned to their owners even if they reached the free states

secede

to break away from a group

slave codes

laws designed to control the behavior of enslaved people

Confederacy

Confederate States of America formed by the 11 southern states that seceded from the Union after Abraham Lincoln was elected President

slave states

states in which allowed slavery before the Civil War

Underground Railroad

an organized system of secret routes used by people escaping slavery

abolition

putting an end to something by law

Fort Sumter

fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, site of the first battle of the Civil War in 1861

Gettysburg

town in southern Pennsylvania, site of a major Union victory during the Civil War

Atlanta Campaign

a series of battles fought during the Civil War

Sherman's march to the sea

William T. Sherman has captured Atlanta, Georgia. He is marching toward the south to Savannah, Georgia. He and his troops are destroying everything in their path.

Appomattox Court House

town in central Virginia, site of the Confederate General Lee's surrender to the Union General Grant and ended the war

Emancipation Proclamation

a statement issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1st, 1863, freeing all the slaves still at war with the Union

Technology

Use of new ideas to make tools that improve people's lives

Fort Sumter

What battle officially started the Civil War?

The fort was located at the entry point of a busy harbor in Charleston, South Carolina (A Confederate State).

Why did the Confederacy feel that capturing Fort Sumter was so important?

The North/ Union the advantage of numbers (More people), money, supplies, weapons, mileage of railroad tracks, and factories.

What were some advantages that the North had?

Knew the land where much of the fighting occurred, were passionate (strong emotions/ feelings) about the war, had more experience with shooting rifles (hunting). Generals with West Point/ Army Training. Smaller areas to supply and reinforced.

What were some advantages in the South?

False (Many people on both sides felt the war would be over several months after it started. Few people had any idea that the war would last five years).

True or False? The Confederates believed that the Northerners would fight for a long time.

After the Union Victory in the Battle of Antietam in Maryland (1862), Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation (A statement) in which he freed all of the slaves in the rebelling states (Confederacy).

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

First shots fired in the Civil war

What was the importance of Fort Sumter?

July 1-3, 1863
Major turning point in the war, gave the Union the advantage by destroying the Southern offensive into the North of 1863 and forcing Lee to retreat back to Virginia.

What was the importance of Gettysburg?

William Sherman and his soldiers pushed Southern troops from Chattanooga, Tennessee all the way to Atlanta, Georgia winning a series of battles in effort to divide the South into two parts.

What was the importance of Atlanta Campaign?

After the burning of Atlanta, Sherman and his troops marched from Atlanta to Savannah destroying everything in their path. The goal was to "Make Georgia Howl" and destroy the will of the South to continue the fight and war.

What was the importance of Sherman's March to the Sea?

The Confederate General, Robert E. Lee officially surrendered his command to the Union at this small court house in Virginia.

What was the importance of Appomattox Court House?

The North/ Union

Who won the Civil War?

1. Loss of life: An estimated 650,000 soldiers died during the Civil War. Many more listed as MIA (Missing In Action)
2. Property Damage: Particularly in the South, Infrastructure, such as bridges railroad lines, buildings, and homes, was damaged or destr

What effects did the Civil war have on the North and South?

1. Union was preserved. (One nation not two)
2. Slavery was ended/ over.
3. North was now in charge; South needed to be rebuilt.
4. United States as a nation takes priority over individual states.

Outcomes of the War: