Unit 2 Quizlet

Indirect Democracy

A small group of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representations, expresses the popular will

Confederate Government

The Confederate government has the power to handle only those matters that the states have assigned to it

Federal Government

The powers of government are divided between a central (federal) government and states

Majority rule/Minority right

concepts of democracy
Usually majority is good and will overrule a small group of wrongdoers, but majority rule has to listen to minorities arguments and welcome suggestions.

Articles of Confederation

the original federal constitution drafted by the Continental Congress
Effect of the Articles
1. Congress had to ask states for funds or borrow
2. States
-Bickered among themselves
-Caused economic chaos
-Raised their own military
-Made treaties with other

The Virginia Plan

-States would send representation to the national legislature based on how large it is
Based on population

New Jersey Plan

All states would send the same number of representatives to the legislature

Connecticut Compromise ( Great compromise)

House of representatives-membership based on population
Senate-membership based on equality (2 per states)

3/5 Compromise

South did not want slaves to count as part of the population

Federalists

supported the new constitution; they
stressed the weakness of the Articles

Anti-Federalists

Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution; they felt the Bill of Rights were necessary and needed

Limited Government

Has laws that limit a ruler's power

Absolute Monarchy

king or queen has absolute power

Constututional monarchy

king or queen is head of state, but elected officials run the government

Republic

strong central government headed by elected leaders

Totalitarianism

government that has complete control over almost every aspect of life

Legislative Branch

Branch of government that creates laws

Judicial Branch

Branch of government that interprets laws (Supreme Court)

Executive branch

branch of government that carries out laws

Mixed Market/Economy

gives the buyers and sellers the right to determine production of goods, cost, how much made, etc; their is only limited government involvement

Command Market/Economy

gives the government the right to determine the production of goods, cost, how much made etc; this is used in communist government

Traditional Market/Economy

Traditions & customs decide the rules for all the economic/production activity

Free Market

a economy based on supply and demand with little to no control from government

Constututional Monarchy

Serves as a guide to how the country should be governed; defines what government "can" & "can't" do

Democracy

Government ruled by the people; have elected representative (United States)

Direct Democracy

People govern themselves by voting on issues as individual citizens

Representative Demorcracy

Elected representatives that have authority to make laws and conduct government

Oligarchy

Rule by a few persons or a small group who holds power

Monarchy

A king, queen or emperor who decides the supreme powers of government

Parliamentary System

The executive branch is made of the prime minister or premier official

Authoritarian/Dictatorship

A dictator (One Person) has absolute power over the government. controls over everything including personal freedoms

Three Systems of Government

Federal
Unitary
Confederate

Federalism

Power divided/Shared between national & state governments (example: United States)

Unitary

All key powers to the National or Central government

Confederate

A loose nation of independent states. Strong state government and weak central government

Popular Sovereignty

The power of the government is within the people

Nation

A sizeable group of people united by common bonds of race, language, custom traditions and religion

Freedom/Liberty

Political or national independence; freedom from complete government control

4 Purposes of Government

-Maintain Social Order
-Provide Public Services
-National Security
-Economic System

Social Order

Enforce laws and provide ways to resolve conflicts

Public Services

Schools, roads, police, emergency services

National Security

Protects people from attacks from domestic and foreign attacks

Economic System

Helps regulate the economy; trade, goods, etc

Rule of Law

All people and institutions are accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced; the principle of government by the law

Separation of Powers

Each of the three government branches are responsible for checking the actions of the other two branches.

Checks and Balances

Each of the three government branches are responsible for checking actions of the branches;makes sure one branch does not have more power than the other

Equal Protection under the law

part of the 14th Amendment
-requires that states guarantee the same rights, privileges, and protections to ALL citizens

Due Process

part of 14th amendment
-government must follow proper procedures of the law & gives the federal government power to enforce

McCulloch v. Maryland

Allows Congress to power that they could not foresee when constitution was written; Congress has implied powers under the Necessary Proper Clause (Article 1); Created the Elastic Clause and Supremacy Clause.

Marbury vs Madison

Judicial Review; Courts have the power to declare laws an whether they are constitutional