UTI
urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infection
usually begins in the bladder; however, such an infection can affect all parts of the urinary system
ARF
acute renal failure
acute renal failure
has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. It can be fatal if not reversed promptly
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
benign prostatic hyperplasia
also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy or enlarged prostate, is an enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than age 50; this condition can make urination difficult and causes other urinary-tract problems for men
CKD
chronic kidney disease
chronic kidney disease
also known as chronic renal disease or kidney failure, is the progressive loss of renal function over months or years; this common condition, which can be life-threatening, May result from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or a family history of kidney dis
cysto
cystoscopy
cystoscopy
the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
end-stage renal disease
Final stage of kidney disease, and this condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are replaced by dialysis, or with a successful kidney transplant
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
polycystic kidney disease
is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys; slowly reduce the kidney function, which eventually leads to kidney failure
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
transurethral resection of the prostate
transurethral prostatectomy; the removal of part or all of the prostate through the urethra
resection
removal of part or all of a structure, organ, or tissue
C&S
culture and sensitivity
culture and sensitivity
laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from infected area in order to identify the specific type of bacteria and then determine its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics
UA
urinalysis
urinalysis
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
cyst/o
(Urinary) bladder
urinary bladder
oval, hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body
Glomerul/o
glomerulus (small ball)
-cele
hernia, tumor
nephr/o
kidney
Urea
the major waste product of protein metabolism
kidney(s)
constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water; these are excreted as urine, which is 95% water and 5% urea and other body wastes.
lith/o
stone, calculus
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
renal pelvis
funnel-shaped area inside each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla
pyel/o
Renal pelvis
-lysis
setting free, separation
-pexy
surgical fixation
-tripsy
to crush
dia-
complete, through
-ectasis
enlargement, stretching
Ureter/o
ureter
ureter(s)
two narrow tubes, each about 10 to 12 inches long, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
Peristalsis
a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction; moves urine down each ureter to the bladder
Urethra
in the male, carries both urine and semen; tube extending from the bladder to the exterior of the body
Urethr/o
urethra
-uria
urination, urine
-edema
excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues
cystolith
stone in the urinary bladder
diuresis
Increased output of urine
prostate gland
is part of the male reproductive system, surrounds the urethra; most disorders of the prostate affect the male's ability to urinate
Nephrons
are the microscopic functional units of each kidney; it is here that urine is produced through the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
urologist
a specialist who treats the genitourinary system of males
epispadias
the urethral opening is on the upper surface of the penis; congenital abnormality of the urethral opening; in a female with epispadias, the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris
ablation
treatment in which a body part is removed or it's function is destroyed; this type of procedure is frequently used to treat prostate cancer
urethral meatus
the opening through which urine leaves the body
glomerulus
the portion of a nephron that is active in filtering urine
renal cortex
outer region of the kidney
pyelotomy
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
Uretorrhagia
the discharge of blood from the ureter
polyuria
excessive urination
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
Wilms tumor
a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in children
incontinence
being unable to control excretory functions
urinary catheterization
the process of withdrawing urine from the bladder; insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes
Kegels
series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence
vesicovaginal fistula
abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)
use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
OAB
overactive bladder
anuria
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
cystorrhaphy
the surgical suturing of the bladder
nephrolysis
the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
oliguria
scanty urination
hemodialysis
the process of artificially filtering waste products from the patient's blood
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney; most commonly caused by toxins, infection, or an autoimmune disease
ureterolith
a stone located anywhere along the ureter
suprapubic catheterization
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
cystopexy
the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
hyperproteinuria
abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hydronephrosis
the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
voiding cystourethrography
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back
ureterorrhaphy
the surgical suturing of a ureter
stress incontinence
the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
prostatism
a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostate cancer
malignancy of the prostate gland
urethrorrhea
abnormal discharge from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
renal colic
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a kidney stone
nocturia
excessive urination at night
interstitial cystitis
a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra; enlarged prostate gland causes this
peritoneal dialysis
the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
urethroplasty
surgical repair of the walls of the urethra
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test
used to screen for prostate cancer
prostate-specific antigen
A protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland to help liquefy semen; the higher a man's PSA level, the more likely cancer is present
glomerulonephritis
a type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine
nephroptosis
floating kidney, prolapse or dropping down of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands
uremia
uremic poisoning; toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep (bed wetting)
ureterectasis
the distention of a ureter
Distension
Swelling or bloating
hypoproteinemia
the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
nephrologist
a specialist in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
cystostomy
the creation of an artificial opening between the urinary bladder and the exterior of the body
nephrotomy
surgical incision into the kidney
nephrosclerosis
abnormal hardening of the kidney
cystoptosis
prolapse of the bladder into the urethra
prolapse
falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part
urethrocele
a prolapse of the female urethra
ureterolysis
the procedure to separate adhesions around a ureter
nephromalacia
abnormal softening of the kidney
ureteroplasty
surgical repair of a ureter
Urethrostomy
the surgical creation of an outside excretory opening from the urethra
cystoplasty
surgical repair of the bladder