Pneumonia
inflammation affecting the parenchyma of the alveoli and bronchioles
Tuberculosis (TB)
infectious, inflammatory systemic disease that affects the lungs and may disseminate to lymph nodes and other organs
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
lung disease that block airflow due to the narrowing of the bronchial tree
Chronic Bronchitis
inflammation and scarring of bronchial lining
inflammation restricts airflow and increase mucus production
Emphysema
destruction of the elastin protein in the lung that normally maintains the strength of the alveolar walls and bronchials that lose their elasticity and ability to recoil causing air to get trapped in the lungs
Asthma
inflammatory response of the bronchial mucosa resulting in spasm of smooth muscle walls
Bronchiectasis
abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles
Restrictive Lung Disease (RLD)
conditions that reduce lung expansion and decrease lung tissue compliance
Pulmonary Fibrosis AKA Interstitial Lung Disease
ongoing epithelial damage or chronic inflammation of lung tissue that leads to progressive scarring of the lungs
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
inherited disorder of ion transport in the endocrine glands that affects the respiratory, digestive (pancreas & GI), male reproductive, musculature, and hepatic systems
Atelectasis
collapse of the normally expanded lung tissue
Pulmonary edema
excess fluid in lungs leaks into the alveolar spaces, the interstitial tissue, or both
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
a form of acute respiratory failure in adults that occurs after a systemic or pulmonary insult or alveolar collapse in premature infants
Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction
lodging of a blood clot (embolus) in the pulmonary artery with subsequent obstruction of blood supply
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)
high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries 5-10 mmHg above normal (15-18)
Cor pulmonale "pulmonary heart diease
hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by pulmonary hypertension usually due to chronic lung disease
Pneumothorax
accumulation of air between the visceral and parietal membranes resulting in a collapse lung on the affected side
Pleurisy
inflammation of visceral and parietal membranes
Pleural effusion
collection of fluid that accumulates between the visceral and parietal membranes
Atherosclerosis
thickening of the arterial wall through the slow, progressive accumulation of fatty plaques on the inner walls of the arteries causing a narrowing in the lumen and ischemia
Coronary Artery Disease
narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque
Angina Pectoris
cardiac workload exceeds the oxygen supply in myocardial tissue and causes ischemia of the myocardium
Hypertension
persistent elevation of systolic pressure >/= 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure >/= 90 mmHg
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
AKA a heart attack or coronary
ischemia with resultant necrosis of myocardial tissue
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
condition where the heart cannot maintain a normal cardiac to meet the body's demands for blood and O2; inadequate pump performance from cardiac valves or the myocardium
Orthostatic Hypotension (OH)
drop in systolic pressure >/= 20 mmHg or diastolic pressure >/= 10 mmHg
Arrhythmias
disturbance of HR or cardiac rhythm
Valvular Heart Disease
impairment or deformity of valve
Aneursym
localized abnormal dilation or weakening in the wall of an artery or vein
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
progressive atherosclerosis causing stenotic, occlusive, and aneurysmal disease; reduction of blood flow to limbs during exercise or at rest
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
part of the thrombus can break loose (embolis) and travel to the lungs resulting in a pulmonary embolism (PE)
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)
damaged valves in the veins result in decrease venous return, increasing venous pressure and producing venous stasis
Lymphema
chronic edema resulting from a accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the body
Osteoporosis (OP)
metabolic bone disease characterized by diffuse loos of bone density and bone strength; rate or bone resorption (osteoclast activity) is higher than bone formation (osteoblasts activity)
Paget's Disease
metabolic bone disease characterized by abnormal bone remodeling with increase bone resorption and excessive, unorganized new bone formation
Osteoarthritis (OA)
AKA degenerative joint disease (DJD)
originates in the cartilage and affects the underlying bone, soft tissues, and synovial fluid
Spondylosis
degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the spine; OA of the spine
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body
Ankylosing Spondylitis
A progressive inflammatory, rheumatoid-related arthropathy affecting the sacroiliac joints, intervertebral spaces, and costovertebral joints.
Gout
metabolic disorder marked by an elevated serum of uric acid & deposition of urate crystals in the joints, soft tissues, & kidneys
Spondylolysis
a defect in the pars interarticularis between the upper and lower articulating facets
Spondylolisthesis
bilateral fx to the pars interarticularis leading to the vertebral body slipping anteriorly on the one below typically L4/5 or L5/S1 causing a narrowing in the intervertebral foramen & compression on the nerve roots
Myofascial Pain Syndrom (MPS)
overuse or muscle stress syndrome characterized by localized point tenderness in the muscle
Fibromyalgia
chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread pain, multiple areas of muscle tenderness, and frequently joint pain
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
AKA Lou Gegrig's disease (Hawking)? a progressive, destructive motor neuron disease, resulting in muscular atrophy? fasciculation, weakness, difficulty moving (brain & sensory function not affected)? no cure, death
Alzhemier's Disease
a progressive, degenerative disorder that destroys the neurons of the cerebral cortex, and subcortical areas leading to Alzheimer's dementia
Huntington's Disease
AKA Huntington's chorea; progressive, degenerative disease of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex characterized by abnormalities of movement, personality disturbances, and dementia
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
progressive, degenerative disease of the myelin sheath surrounding nerves within the brain and SC
Epilepsy
condition in which numerous neurons in the brain are fired simultaneously triggering seizure activity
Diabetic Neuropathy and Alcoholic Neuropathy
polyneuropathies affecting the motor, sensory, and autonomic systems
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
temporary paralysis caused by an autoimmune attack on peripheral myelin, causing weakness and usually ascending paralysis of the limbs, face and diaphragm
Post-polio Syndrome (PPS)
a neurologic disorder marked by increased weakness and/or abnormal muscle fatigue in persons who had paralytic polio many years earlier
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
painful condition related to an abnormal response of the autonamic nervous system and disturbance of vasomotor control of the affected limb
Hyperpituitarism
excessive secretion of one or more hormones especially growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
Hypopituitarism
decreased or absent hormonal secretion from anterior pituitary gland
Hyperthryoidsim (Grave's Disease)
overactive thyroid with excessive hormone production of T3/4
Hypothyroidism
underactive thyroid with lack or hormone production of T3/4
Hyperparathyroidism
excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) production that disrupts the calcium, phosphate, and bone metabolism causing high levels of calcium and low levels of phosphate in the blood
Hypoparathyroidism
low level production of PTH causing low levels of calcium and high levels of phosphate in the blood
Adrenal insufficiency
hypofunction of the adrenal gland resulting in decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone; Addison's disease
Cushing's Syndrome
hyperfunction of the adrenal gland with excessive production of cortisol and aldosterone hormone
Type I Diabetes Mellitus (DM); insulin-dependent; juvenile-onset
pancreas fails to produce enough or any insulin resulting in hyperglycemia
Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM); non-insulin dependent; adult-onset
pancreas produces insufficient amounts of insulin, and/or the body becomes resistant to insulin action
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
an inherited disorder of protein metabolism in which the absence of an enzyme leads to a toxic buildup of certain compounds, causing intellectual disability
Mitochondrial Disorders
genetically inherited or spontaneous mutation in the DNA that leads to impaired function of proteins found within the mitochondria
Metablic Acidosis
condition when their is an acid gain or bicarbonate loss decrease pH < 7.35
Metablic Alkalosis
condition when their is an acid loss or bicarbonate gain decrease pH < 7.45
Hiatal Hernia
enlargement of the lower esophageal sphincter allowing the stomach to pass through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD); Esophagitis
damage to the lower esophageal sphincter that allows reflux or regurgitation of stomach contents
Gastritis
inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Peptic Ulcer Disease
condition where there is erosion of the GI musoca (stomach, esophagus, & duodenum)
Crohn's Disease
chronic lifelong inflammatory disorder that can affect any segment of the intestinal tract and tissues in other organs
Ulcerative Colitis
chronic inflammatory disorder of the mucosa of the large intestine and colon/ rectum
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
recurrent group of symptoms of the upper and lower GI system that interfere with the normal functioning of the colon, but no inflammation of present
Diverticulitis
inflamed or infect diverticula
Constipation
digested food spends too much time in the colon
Appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix that often results in necrosis and perforation with subsequent peritonitis
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs
Rectal Fissure
tear in the lining of the anal canal
Hemorrhoids
varicose veins
Hepatitis
inflammatory process within the liver due to a virus (most common), a drug or chemical reaction, or alcohol abuse
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbadder
Cholelithiasis
gallstones
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
bacterial infection of the urinary tract or urethra
Kidney stones; Renal Calculi; Nephrolithiasis
crystals composed of urine components
Acute Renal Failure
sudden loss of function of the kidneys
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
chronic kidney disease (CKD) loss of kidney function for greater than or equal to three months
Contact Dermatitis
superficial irritation of the skin resulting from localized irritation from things like moisture, poison ivy, latex, soap, jewelry, etc
Eczema
chronic superficial skin inflammation due to an immune system abnormality, allergic reaction, or external irritant
Plaque Psoriasis
chronic autoimmune disease of the skin as it produced an accelerated rate of skin cell growth which then accumulates in raised red patches
Systemic Sclerosis/ Scleroderma
diffuse connective tissue disease causes fibrosis (thickening/ hardening) of the skin, joints, blood vessels and internal organs
Dry Gangrene
loss of blood supply resulting in local tissue death
Cellulitis
fast spreading inflammation that occurs as a result of a bacterial infection of the skin and connect tissues
Wet Gangrene
swelling from the bacterial infection causes a sudden loss of blood flow