RBC casts
Glomerulonephritis, hypertensive emergency
WBC casts
tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection
Fatty Casts ("oval fat bodies" and "Maltese Cross")
Nephrotic syndrome
Granular casts
("muddy brown")
acute tubular necrosis
Waxy casts
End-stage renal disease/chronic kidney disease
Hyaline Casts
nonspecific
hematuria, no casts
bladder cancer, kidney stones
pyuria, no casts
Acute cystitis