Health System
The sum of organizations, institutions, and resources whose primary purpose is to improve health
Who is the most important part of the health system?
The patients
Governance
The action and means adopted by a society to organize itself in the promotion and protection of the health of its population
Stewardship
The careful and responsible management of something entrusted to one's care. You take responsibility for what you are doing
Universal Health Coverage
Ensuring that all people can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial
Financial Protection
Financing health care in a way that does not cause people to be denied access to health care or to become impoverished because of their inability to pay for health services. No one should have to give up everything to pay for medical treatments.
Out-Pocket-Costs
Any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services whose primary intent is to contribute to the restoration or enhancem
World Health Organization (WHO)
includes all actors, institutions and resources that undertake health actions- where an health action is on where the primary intent is to improve health.
building blocks of the health system
-service delivery
-health workforce
-health information
-medical products, vaccines, and technology
-financing
-leadership/ governance
Service Delivery
good health services that are effective and safe; delivered when, where and to those who need them; minimum waste of resources
health workforce
responsive, fair, and efficient to meet the best health outcomes possible with the available resources and circumstances
health information
a health information system that delivers health information in a reliable and timely manner; used to monitor health status and health system performance
Medical products, vaccines, and technologies
products are safe and of appropriate quality; cost-effective; scientifically sound
Financing
Adequate funds for health; people are protected from financial devastation
Leadership/ Governance
Maximize health for money spent; transparent, participatory, and accountable
Transparent- related to the health system
We need to make sure that leadership/ government does something for a specific reason. Give a reason. Give a reason why you are doing something within the health care system.
National Health Insurance
Health is considered a fundamental right; offer health insurance to all people for an agreed package of services. The government comes up with the system, then they have different organizations provide the coverage. Individuals will pay taxes and out of p
National Health Service
Health is considered a fundamental right; government is only payer for health care and owns most healthcare facilities; most healthcare providers are state employees. The government provides for everyone. They "own" the system. The system is funded by tax
Pluralistic
Health is considered a personal good; consists of many public, private for-profit and private not-for-profit health organizations; private sector is a main components of the health system.
This does not see health as a right. There are a lot of different
Alma-Ata (Almaty)
Health as a human right; right to health, health disparities are unacceptable, social and economic development to ensure better health, a person's right to participate in their health. Goal: health for all by 2000
United States- Before WWII
Less advanced than Great Britain, France, and Germany. Medical practice was considered a trade. Few hospitals, no formal education system for healthcare, no health insurance
United States- After WWII
Growth of the medical profession, medicine became a profession, development of hospitals, and development of a healthcare system
Workers' compensation
provide cash payment for wages lost due to job related injury or disease. medical expenses and death benefits for survivors.
Disability Coverage
provided income during temporary disability
Economic Stabilization Program
Wages and prices were frozen including the healthcare industry
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
requires in-network access; must use healthcare providers selected by the HMO; primary care provider manage routine care and determine need to specialists; need referral from primary care provider to see specialist
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
Combination of in-network or out-of-network access; can see a provider that is selected by the PPO or outside the PPO; Pay more out-of-pocket money to see a provider not part of the PPO; more popular than HMO
Military Medical Care System
Active-duty military personnel; healthcare services free of charge; Operated by the US Department of Defense; TriCare insurance program
Veterans Administration (VA)
War veterans receive healthcare services at facilities operated by the VA; provides medical; 155 medical centers and 1,400 other healthcare facilities
Medicare
health coverage for individuals at or over 65 years of age; now covers low-income disabled individuals below the age of 65 and those with end-stage renal disease
Medicaid
Provides health coverage for low-income individuals; income eligibility established by each state; members pay little out-of-pocket costs; stigma attached to Medicaid
SCHIP
provides healthcare to children of parents who make just a little too much to qualify for medicaid