Electrolyte
Mineral salt that carries an electrical charge in a solution
Filtrate
Fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule
Nitrogenous waste
Product of protein metabolism. Includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia.
Peristaltic wave
Sequence of rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow
Peritoneum
Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs in that cavity.
pH
Symbol that expresses the alkalinity/acidity of a solution
Plasma
Liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved waste
Albumino
Relating to the protein albumin
Azoto
Nitrogenous compounds
Bacterio
Relating to bacteria
Cysto, vesico
Bladder
Glomerulo
Glomerulus
Kali
Potassium
Ketono
Ketone bodies (acids)
Litho
Stone, calculus
Meato
Opening, meatus
Nephro, reno
Kidney
Nocto
Night
Oligo
Scanty, decreased production
Pyo
Pus
Pyelo
Renal pelvis
Uro
Urinary tract, urine
Uretero
Ureter
Urethro
Urethra
-genesis
Forming, producing
-iasis
Abnormal condition
-Uria
Urine
Dia-
Through, across
Retro-
Behind
Anuria
Absence of urine production
Bladder Neck Obstruction (BNO)
Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra
Cystocele
Prolapsing of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and the vagina
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
End-stage renal disease (ERD)
Any type of kidney disease in which there is little to no remaining kidney function, requiring the pt to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival.
Enuresis
Incontinence, involuntary urine discharge
Fistula
Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface from one organ to another
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
Internal cystitis (IC)
Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy
Nephrotic syndrome
Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, typically albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Neurogenic bladder
Impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
Urgency
Sensation of needing to void immediately
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to the impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder, or obstruction in the ureter.
Wilms Tumor
Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney, common in children.
Dialysis
Mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of toxic substances, such as nitrogenous wastes, when the kidneys fail to function properly
Hemodialysis
Artificial kidney machine filters waste-filled blood and returns clean blood to the pt.
Peritoneal dialysis
Toxic substances are removed by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution.
Nephropexy
Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
Nephrostomy
Passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine into a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so.
Stent placement
Insertion of a tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney.
Urethrotomy
Incision of a urethral stricture
Electromyography
Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra
Endoscopic Cystoscopy
Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or growth, and removal of polyps using a specialized endoscope
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Determines the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea
Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
Determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics
Urinalysis
Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
Intravenous pyelography (IVP), Excretory urography (EU)
Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contract medium
Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging.