The word psychology was derived from the Greek word psyche, meaning ----- , and logos, meaning ----.
A. mind...body B. word...study C. normal...abnormal D. mind...word
D. mind...word
When asked a general question, a psychologist might reply, "It depends." Why?
A. So far, psychologists just don't know very much. B. Few statements about psychology apply to all people, all the time. C. A psychologist wants to hear your answer first. D. T
B. Few statements about psychology apply to all people, all the time.
According to one study, what was the effect of holding a hot cup of coffee?
A. People were quicker to become angry. B. People became more likely to rate someone's personality as "warm." C. People became more interested in a trip to a tropical country. D.
B. People became more likely to rate someone's personality as "warm".
According to one study, what was the effect of red-letter instructions on the first page of a test?
A. On average, students became more alert and attentive. B. On average, students finished the test more quickly. C. On average, students erased and changed
D. On average, students got lower test scores.
Why have psychologists made more progress in understanding sensation than emotion?
A. It is easier to make accurate measurements in sensation. B. Psychologists find sensation more interesting. C. Research on emotion is more expensive. D. The answers conce
A. It is easier to make accurate measurements in sensation.
People who support the concept of free will believe that
A. heredity plays a critical role in the development of behavior. B. some choices go beyond the realm that science could study or predict. C. different parts of the brain control different types of
A. heredity plays a critical role in the development of behavior
Someone who supports the position of determinism (as opposed to free will) believes that
A. people can change their own behavior if they try hard enough. B. the development of behavior depends more on the environment than on genetics. C. every behavior ha
C. every behavior has a cause
A psychologist who attempts to test the assumptions of determinism is most likely to investigate
A. the role of heredity in the development of behavior. B. whether it is possible to predict behaviors. C. whether different parts of the brain have different
B. whether it is possible to predict behaviors
A psychologist offers people three pairs of shoes and investigates whether their choices are predictable. The results are likely to be relevant to which of these issues?
A. free will versus determinism B. the mind-brain problem C. the nature-nurture issue
A. free will versus determinism
The mind-brain (or mind-body) problem refers to the question:
A. Which is more important in controlling behavior, the mind or the brain? B. How is the mind related to the brain and does one control the other? C. What causes the mind to undergo "out-of-bod
B. How is the mind related to the brain and does one control the other?
The term "monism" refers to which belief?
A. People have the free will to decide their own destiny. B. Children's relationship with their parents influences their later social behavior. C. People in cultures throughout the world have certain similarities
D. Brain activity and mental activity are the same thing.
Which of these research questions is most closely related to the mind-brain problem?
A. Why do the people in some countries drink more alcohol than others? B. Why do boys and girls play with different kinds of toys? C. Are different areas of the brain mor
C. Are different areas of the brain more or less active during different behaviors?
Brain researchers would probably be most comfortable with which of the following statements?
A. The mind controls thought and the brain controls behavior. B. Mental activity causes brain activity. C. Brain activity and mental activity are completely indep
D. Brain activity and mental activity are the same thing.
The nature-nurture issue is the question of how the development of behavior depends on
A. heredity and environment. B. the external situation and an internal will. C. the physical environment and the social environment. D. health and nutrition
A. heredity and environment
Which of the following research questions is most directly related to the nature-nurture issue?
A. Are some areas of the brain more active than others during a given behavior? B. Are certain behaviors completely random or unpredictable? C. Are behavioral
C. Are behavioral differences between boys and girls due to differences in their genes?
A psychotherapist with an M.D. degree is a ____. One with a Ph.D. is a ____
A. psychiatrist... clinical psychologist B. clinical psychologist... psychoanalyst C. psychoanalyst... psychiatrist D. clinical psychologist... psychiatrist
A. psychiatrist...clinical psychologist
What education does a psychiatrist have?
A. Ph.D. or Psy.D. B. M.D. C. M.D. plus special training in psychoanalysis D. bachelor's degree only
B. M.D.
What educational degree does a psychiatrist hold?
A. M.S. B. M.D. C. Ph.D. D. B.A.
B. M.D.
Industrial/Organization psychologists observe and study
A. how people influence one another. B. people at work. C. individual problems. D. educational problems.
B. people at work.
What kind of psychologist helps a company increase workers' productivity and satisfaction?
A. forensic psychologist B. clinical psychologist C. personality psychologist D. industrial/organizational psychologist
D. industrial/ organization psychologist
The primary concern in the field of human factors (ergonomics) is to
A. understand the attitudes of people at work. B. improve the design of machines so that people can use them more effectively. C. choose the people who can most effectively learn how to
B. improve the design of machines so that people can use them more effectively.
Which type of psychologists is most interested in helping people use machines?
A. psychometrician B. environmental psychologist C. forensic psychologist D. human factors
D. human factors
What education must someone have to practice school psychology in the U.S.
A. bachelor's degree. B. master's degree or doctoral degree. C. community college degree. D. high school diploma and a recommendation from a school counselor.
B. master's degree or doctoral degree.
Which of the following jobs is a school psychologists most likely to perform?
A. consult with teachers about how to meet the educational needs of a troubled student B. prescribe and administer medications for students who need them C. advise a parole boar
A. consult with teachers about to meet the education needs of a troubled student
Psychologists specializing in learning and motivation stress which point about food choice?
A. Children quickly learn to prefer brightly colored foods. B. Food choice depends on learning how many calories per bite each food contains. C. We are most adept
C. We are most adept at learning to avoid foods which cause illness.
A cognitive psychologist studying differences among individuals concentrates on their
A. knowledge and thinking. B. social influences. C. emotions. D. age
A. knowledge and thinking.
Which type of psychologist specializes in the study of thought and knowledge?
A. quantitative psychologist B. cognitive psychologist C. behaviorist D. physiological psychologist
B. cognitive psychologist
Which of the following is known to influence people's food preferences?
A. variations in their brain size B. variations in the speed of conduction of their brain cells C. variations in the size of their stomach D. variations in their number of taste buds
D. variations in the size of their stomach.
Which type of psychologist would be most interested in the genetic makeup of an individual?
A. cognitive B. behaviorist C. biological D. psychoanalytic
C. biological
Which of these is most likely to study the effects of brain damage on behavior?
A. biopsychologist B. psychoanalyst C. cognitive psychologist D. counseling psychologist
A. biopsychologist
Damage to the adrenal gland can lead to an increased need for which dietary substance?
A. calcium B. protein C. salt D. carbohydrates
C. salt
Which type of psychologist tries to explain why a behavior may have been useful to our ancestors?
A. cognitive psychologist B. social psychologist C. human factors specialist D. evolutionary psychologist
D. evolutionary psychologist
An evolutionary psychologist is most likely to consider which of these questions?
A. Why are men more likely than women to seek multiple sexual partners? B. How does a child's understanding of numbers increase between ages 4 and 8? C. What distinguishes a
A. Why are men more likely than women to seek multiple sexual partners.
Which of these is the main interest of social psychologists?
A. how behavior develops as a function of age B. how people influence one another's behavior C. the role of learning and memory in behavior D. how human behavior has changed over the course of h
B. how people influence one anthers behavior
Do people learn the facial expressions to use for various emotions, or are the expressions part of human nature: Which of these would investigate that question?
A. human factors specialists B. psychoanalysts C. cross-cultural psychologists D. counseling p
C. cross-cultural psychologist
How does psychology differ from other scientific fields?
A. Psychology does not use the experimental method. B. Psychology does not seek to understand cause and effect. C. Psychology began as a deliberate intention to start a new science. D. Psychological
C. Psychology began as a deliberate intention to start a new science.
When Wilhelm Wundt started his psychological research, which of these was a key issue?
A. What can psychologists do to prevent war? B. What are the elements of experience? C. Can we identify the genes responsible for mental retardation? D. What is the mea
B. What are the elements of experience?
The first psychological laboratory was set up by
A. Wilhelm Wundt in 1879. B. Sigmund Freud in 1897. C. William James in 1890. D. Mary Calkins in 1895.
A. Wilhelm Wundt in 1879
Wundt collected data by
A. asking people to report on their subjective experiences. B. observing the behavior of animals in a lab. C. observing people who did not know they were being observed. D. observing the behavior of animals in their natural environ
A. asking people to report on their subjective experiences.
Wilhelm Wundt was one of the first people to demonstrate that
A. talking with people can help relieve their psychological disorders. B. it is possible to measure psychological processes scientifically. C. mental processes depend on the activity of the bra
B. it is possible to measure psychological processes scientifically
What was the focus of Edward Titchener's research?
A. structures that compose the mind B. mental illness C. measurement of intelligence D. the unconscious meaning of dreams
A. structures that compose the mind
Why did other psychologists abandon Titchener's interest in the structures of the mind?
A. They considered the question uninteresting. B. They considered the question unanswerable. C. They considered his research unethical. D. The government stopped fundi
B. They considered the question unanswerable.
William James advocated which approach to psychology?
A. functionalism B. structuralism C. humanistic psychology D. psychoanalysis
A. functionalism
In the early days of psychology, how did structuralists differ from functionalists?
A. Structuralists used scientific methods. Functionalists did philosophical speculation. B. Structuralists studied the brain. Functionalists studied the rest of the body.
D. Structuralists studied the contents of the mind. Functionalists studied behavior.
In the earliest days of psychology (1880-), what was the main research emphasis?
A. helping people with emotional disorders B. understanding sensation and perception C. helping people recover from brain damage D. understanding the difference between consc
B. understanding sensation and perception
Light A is exactly twice as intense as Light B. Compared to Light B, Light A will appear to be
A. exactly twice as bright. B. exactly half as bright. C. exactly as bright. D. brighter, but less than twice as bright.
B. exactly half as bright
What do comparative psychologists compare?
A. methods of teaching B. theories of personality C. the behaviors of children of different ages D. the behaviors of different species of animals
D. the behaviors of different species of animals
Modern-day research on animal intelligence focuses most strongly on which of these questions?
A. Will some animals eventually evolve the same intelligence as humans? B. Which animal species are the most intelligent? C. What does animal learning tell us ab
C. What does animal learning tell us about the mechanisms of intelligent behavior?
In 1905, who developed the first useful intelligence test?
A. Alfred Binet B. Sigmund Freud C. William James D. John Watson
A. Alfred Binet
From around 1920 to around 1970, which of these approaches dominated psychological research?
A. structuralism. B. cognitivism. C. behaviorism. D. humanism.
C. behaviorism
Which type of psychologist is most likely to investigate the principles of learning?
A. psychoanalyst B. behaviorist C. social psychologist D. quantitative psychologist
B. behaviorist
Why did behaviorists avoid research on thought and knowledge?
A. Behaviorists believe thought and knowledge are already well understood. B. Behaviorists concentrate on what they can observe. C. Behaviorists are interested mainly in what newborns and infan
B. Behaviorists concentrate on what they can observe.
Which of these investigators emphasized dream analysis?
A. Edward Titchener. B. Sigmund Freud. C. Carl Rogers. D. Clark Hull.
B. Sigmund Freud
When did clinical psychology become prevalent as a way of treating troubled people?
A. during the time of Sigmund Freud B. just after World War II C. just after the onset of antidepressant drugs D. just after the invention of radio
B. just after World War II
Which of the following is an example of a question for "basic research"?
A. What is the best treatment for people with depression? B. How should companies choose the right people to hire for a job? C. What are the principles of learning and memory? D. How
C. What are the principles of learning and memory?
Which of these fields has increased in prominence since the 1960s?
A. cognitive psychology B. Freudian psychology C. Structuralism D. research with rats in mazes
A. cognitive psychology
Of the following, which one has NOT been increasing in prominence during recent times?
A. the cognitive approach B. evolutionary psychology C. Freudian psychology D. positive psychology
C. Freudian psychology
A health psychologist would be likely to study which of these questions?
A. "How does smoking and drinking affect a person's health?" B. "What are the major types of schizophrenia?" C. "Which drugs are most effective in relieving depression?" D. "What gen
A. "How does smoking and drinking affect a person's health?
What do sports psychologists do?
A. Provide psychotherapy to athletes. B. Help athletes set goals and concentrate their efforts. C. Relate athletes' performances to their childhood experiences. D. Help other psychologists improve their athletic abilities.
B. Help athletes set goals and concentrates their efforts.
Which of the following receives more psychology PhDs today than their percentage of the population?
A. former athletes B. Blacks C. Hispanics D. women
D. women
Women now receive approximately what percent of the PhDs in psychology?
A. one tenth B. one quarter C. one third D. two thirds
D. two thirds