Speech
verbal means of communicating (articulation, voice, fluency)
Language
socially shared rules of expression (semantics, morphology, syntax, grammar, pragmatic considerations)
Acquired language and cognitive-communicative disorders arise from?
Acquired language and cognitive-communicative disorders may arise from injury to different areas of the brain.
Acquired speech disorders arise from?
injury to brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral body)
Central nervous system (CNS):
brain (this is the part of the central nervous system that controls language and cognitive communicative function.) and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Cranial nerves and sensory nerves
these cranial nerves and spinal nerves carry information about motor function, sensory function. It controls volitional movement as well as reflexive movements. It also carries information about autonomic functions to and
CNS protection
�Bony shell
�Meninges
�Cerebrospinal fluid
Gray matter
cell bodies and dendrites
white matter
mylenated fibers
In CNS: nuclei (__________ ), except: basal ganglia
gray matter
�In CNS: tracts, fasciculi (_________ )
white matter
What is the association tract that interconnects Broca' s area and Wernicke' s area?
arcuate fasciculus
What is the term used to describe a crossing of information at the midline?
decussation
Brodmann's areas
delineated based on cortical cytoarchitectural differences, but have functional correlations
How do we send information from one location to the other?
This is through white matter tracts or myelinated axons, bundles of axons
Projection
�tracts interconnect primary cortical areas (primary motor and primary sensory) to deeper structures.
Association
�tracts are the most numerous and interconnect regions of the cortex within the same hemisphere.
Commissural
tracts interconnect homologous areas in the left and right hemispheres.
O2 and glucose
Remember, in order for cells to function, they must be provided with_____________ , carried in the blood.
Impairment:
�: pathology. We can easily identify after going through testing. Disability and handicap can be depended upon the person. They vary on many different factors. Across cultural groups, the resources that are available will impact the level of disability or
Disability
�: the consequences of the impairment on everyday life
Handicap:
value that the individual, family, community places on disability and the degree to which the individual is disadvantaged