Is reading a natural process? Why or why not?
No, there are 3 areas of the brain used (Broca's, Parieto-Temporal, Occipito-Temporal)
--it takes work to develop new brain pathways needed
work to create new circuits linking visual code to existing neural systems for language
(linking phonemes to graphe
What is code-based instruction?
--phonics
--bottom-up approach
--start with text, then move to comprehension
--skill-drills
What is meaning-based instruction?
--whole-language
--top-down approach
--focuses on comprehension and meaning over making "code"
--guessing game and context
What is more effective: code based or meaning based?
Code based
How does Scarborough's Rope explain the concept of reading?
Each strand is necessary to reading comprehension and must be explicitly taught and practiced
How does the Simple View of Reading explain the concept of reading?
Reading comprehension is the end result, and just like a normal multiplication problem, if either part is zero the equation as a whole will equal zero
What is an example of a phonological awareness lesson activity?
Rhyme judgement: which picture (word) does not belong in the wagon?
What is an example of a phonemic awareness lesson activity?
Deletion: taking the /s/ out of /stop/ to make /top/
What is the difference between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness?
phonological awareness is whole word sounds and phonemic awareness deals with individual sounds
What is a sound wall?
a tool organized by individual sounds that helps kids connect phonemes to graphemes
How is a sound wall organized?
a valley that starts on one side and as you do down and to the right your chin goes down more each time and as you go up and to the right your chin goes back up and your mouth changes
What is the definition of a vowel?
a class of open, unobstructed speech sounds
What is the definition of a consonant?
a class of speech sounds that are formed with the mouth partially closed and the airflow obstructed by either the lips, teeth, or tongue
True of False: consonants and vowels are letters
false
What are the three ways that consonant sounds are articulated and classified?
manner of articulation
place of articulation
voicing
how the sound is produced and how the air passes through the vocal tract
manner of articulation
which speech organs are involved in production of the sound
place of articulation
presence or absence of voice; voiced and unvoiced sounds
voicing