Who was 1860's: French neurologist Paul Broca's patient & what was he limited to?
Tan" (Victor Leborgne) could only say "Tan
Brain lession/brain damage that Tan had?
Brocazeria
Paul Broca's 2nd patient & limitation
Lazare Lelong
Lazare Lelong (Broca's 2nd Patient) word limitations:
could only say 5 words: yes, no, 3, always, and "Lelo" (his name)
Aphimic/Aphemia
loss of articulate speech
Aphasia
-language deficit following & due to brain injury
-other "faculties" are (relatively) spared
Aphasia occurs ________ brain injury
after
Broca's Area
LEFT Frontal hemisphere area of the brain
faculties
other abilities or mental capacities (nonverbal intelligence assesment tools)
Why are patient studies difficult?
No two areas of the brain are alike
Other ways to study thinking/language?
Patient studies (lesion-deficit analysis)
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Analyze behavior-
components & interactions
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Simulate behavior with prescribed components
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Examine structure-
Static
Active
Selective damage (for other cognitive domains, animals)
Cognitive Neuroscience emphasizes _____________ approaches and ___________ across subfields, methods, and levels of analysis. (always keeping the brain in mind)
multiple approaches; interactions
the _________ is greater than the _____ of its parts.
Whole; Sum
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts:
Multiple approaches and findings ________ each other.
constrain
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts:
Even if you don't study brain, what should you aim for?
aim for
biologically plausible
explanations