Cranium
protects the brain
gill arches
support the pharynx; structure that jaws probably evolved from
vertebral column
in vertebrates; surrounds the spinal cord
Cartliage
flexible, lightweight material made of cells surrounded by tough protein
claspers
modified pelvic fin in male fish that transfer sperm to female
external fertilization
eggs released into environment and sperm is released over eggs
internal fertilization
eggs are fertilized inside the female's body
lateral line system
row of sensory structures that run the length of the fishes body on both sides
olfactory bulb
in the brain; analyzes information from nostrils
pectoral fins
paired fins behind the head; helps with stabilization
placoid scales
small, tooth like spines covering skin of cartilaginous fishes
rectal gland
near the cloaca; removes excess sodium and chloride ions from the blood
swim bladder
gas filled sac used to control bouyancy
lobe- finned fishes
fishes with fleshy fins supported by a series of bones
ray- finned fishes
fishes with fins supported by long, segmented, flexible bony elements called rays.
operculum
a hard plate that covers and protects the gills
caudal fin
extends from the tail and moves side to side
dorsal fins
2 fins on the back; keep the fish upright and moving in a straight line
anal fin
stomach( ventral) side; keeps fish upright
pectoral girdle
attachment point for pectoral fins
pelvic girlde
attachment point for pelvic fins
esophagus
tube connecting mouth to stomach
liver
secretes bile, located near stomach
bile
helps break down fats
gallbladder
stores bile and releases it into the intestine
pancreas
releases digestive enzymes into the intestine
sinus venosus
chamber of the heart that collects deoxygenated blood from the body
conus arteriosus
the elastic, final chamber that smooths the flow of blood from the heart
countercurrent flow
Water flows away from the head while blood flows toward the head.
cranial nerves
connect major sense organs directly to the brain
cerebrum
integrates sensory info and other info from other areas of the brain
optic tectum
receives and processes info from the visual, auditory, and lateral line systems.
cerebellum
helps coordinate motor output
medulla oblongata
helps control some body functions; acts as a relay station
spinal nerves
connect spinal cord with internal organs, muscles and sense organs