Alkane
Consists of only carbons and hydrogens, and no carbon-carbon multiple bonds.
Alkene
Carbon-carbon double bond.
Aromatic
Alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds in a ring.
Alkyne
Carbon-carbon triple bond.
Amine
Contains a nitrogen with at least one alkyl or aryl group, and the alkyl or aryl groups do not have to be the same.
Ether
Oxygen between two alkyl or aryl groups.
Epoxide
3-membered ring containing oxygen.
Alcohol
Oxygen with one R or Ar group and one hydrogen.
Halide
Aryl or alkyl group with any halogen.
Ketone
Carbon-oxygen double bond with 2 alkyl or aryl groups.
Aldehyde
Carbon-oxygen double bond with one R or Ar group and one hydrogen bonded to the carbon.
Carboxylic acid
Carbon-oxygen double bond with one R or Ar group and one -OH.
Ester
Carbon-oxygen double bond with -OR or -OAr group.
Amide
Carbon-oxygen double bond with -NR2 (R or Ar).
Acid halide
Carbon-oxygen double bond with any halide.
Nitrile
Aryl or alkyl group with carbon-nitrogen triple bond.