Chem Final- General Concepts

What are three carbonyl containing compounds?

Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids

What does a carbonyl group look like?

O=C (with two bonds off the C)

What is easily oxidized to a carboxylic acid?

An aldehyde.

Describe the oxidation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

Primary--> Aldehyde. Secondary--> Ketone. Tertiary--> No reaction

What is an alcohol?

H-OR group

What is a hemiacetal? An acetal?

Hemiacetal: A central carbon with two R groups, an OR, and an OH group.
Acetal: A central carbon with 2 R groups and 2 OR groups.

How are carbohydrates made?

They are synthesized by photosynthesis in plants. (Makes grains, cereals, bread, and sugar cane)

What is a major energy source within the human body?

Glucose (Gives 4 kcals of energy)

Be able to draw all monosaccharides we learned as Hawthorne projections.

See answer key #1.

Be able to draw several disaccharides. What is the bond that links them called?

See answer key #2. The link is a glycosidic bond.

What is an oligosaccharide?

3 to 10 monosaccharides linked together through a glycosidic bond

What is a polysaccharide?

A starch, glycogen, cellulose, etc. It is a large chain of monosaccharide units.

What is the basic formula for monosaccharides?

(CH2o)n (n= 3 through 7) (may also have an amino acid of phosphate group)