What are three carbonyl containing compounds?
Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids
What does a carbonyl group look like?
O=C (with two bonds off the C)
What is easily oxidized to a carboxylic acid?
An aldehyde.
Describe the oxidation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Primary--> Aldehyde. Secondary--> Ketone. Tertiary--> No reaction
What is an alcohol?
H-OR group
What is a hemiacetal? An acetal?
Hemiacetal: A central carbon with two R groups, an OR, and an OH group.
Acetal: A central carbon with 2 R groups and 2 OR groups.
How are carbohydrates made?
They are synthesized by photosynthesis in plants. (Makes grains, cereals, bread, and sugar cane)
What is a major energy source within the human body?
Glucose (Gives 4 kcals of energy)
Be able to draw all monosaccharides we learned as Hawthorne projections.
See answer key #1.
Be able to draw several disaccharides. What is the bond that links them called?
See answer key #2. The link is a glycosidic bond.
What is an oligosaccharide?
3 to 10 monosaccharides linked together through a glycosidic bond
What is a polysaccharide?
A starch, glycogen, cellulose, etc. It is a large chain of monosaccharide units.
What is the basic formula for monosaccharides?
(CH2o)n (n= 3 through 7) (may also have an amino acid of phosphate group)