Alcohols
-have general form ROH
-named with suffix -ol
-if not highest priority, given prefix hydroxy-
Phenols
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Hydrogen bondings effect on alcohols
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Why are phenols more acidic than other alcohols?
because the aromatic ring can delocalized the charge of the conjugate base
Electron-donating groups like alkyl groups...
decrease acidity because they destabilize negative charges
Electron-withdrawing groups, such as EN atoms and aromatic rings...
increase acidity because they stabilize negative charges
How to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes?
react them with PCC
How to oxidize primary alcohols to carboxylic acids?
react them with strong oxidizing agent like chromium
Purpose of converting alcohol to mesylates or tosylates?
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Mesylates
contain functional group -SO3CH3, which is derived from methanesulfonic acid
Tosylates
contain the functional group -SO3C6H4CH3, which is derived from toluenesulfonic acid
How alcohols act as protecting groups
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Deprotection
acetal or ketal can be converted back to a carbonyl by catalytic aqueous acid
Quinone
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Phylloquinone
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Menaquinones
vitamin K2
Hydroxyquinones
produced by oxidation of quinones, adding a variable number of hydroxyl groups
Ubiquinone
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What chemical properties of ubiquinone allow it to carry out its biological functions?
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