population
all organisms if one species living in one habitat
community
populations of different species living in a habitat
Abiotic factors
non-living factors in the environment e.g. temp
biotic factors
living factors in the environment e.g. food
Ecosystem
interaction of community if living organisms with non-living parts of their environment
What do organisms need from their environments and other organisms to survive and reproduce?
1) Plants- light, space. water and mineral ions from soil
2) Animals - space, food, water and mates
In a community what do each species depend on each other for?
#NAME?
What are stable communities?
all species and environmental factors are in balance so the population sizes are roughly constant
Examples of abiotic factors?
#NAME?
Examples of Biotic factors?
#NAME?
What allows organisms to survive?
Adaptations
What type of adaptations can there be?
1) Structural - shape or colour
2) Behaviourial - migration patterns
3) functional - reactions happening inside the body
What are extremeophiles?
microorganisms that are adapted to live in very extreme conditions
What is biomass?
the mass of living material
why are predator-prey cycles always our of phase?
it takes a while for one population to respond to changes in the other population
What do environmental changes cause?
the distribution of organisms to change
What environmental changes can affect organisms ?
1) temperature
2) Availability of water
3) composition of atmospheric gases
What are environmental changes caused by?
#NAME?
What are the steps of the water cycle?
1) Evaporation
2) transpiration
3) condensation
4) precipitation
The carbon cycle stages
1) CO2 removed from atmosphere during photosynthesis
2) Plants and animals respire so CO2 returned into atmosphere
3) plants eaten by animals - C moves through food chain
4) plants/animals die, microorganisms feed on remains and their waste. they respire
Why do microorganisms break down plant/Animal waste?
to get energy
What is compost?
decomposed organic matter - used for natural fertilisers.
What factors is the rate of decay affected by?
1) Temperature
2) Water availability
3) Oxygen availability
4) Number of decay organisms
How is biogas made?
#NAME?
What is biogas made in?
a simple fermenter called a DIGESTER or GENERATOR
How are Biogas generators kept?
- constant temperature to keep microorganisms respiring away
- can't be stored as a liquid, so has to be used straight away
Batch generators
#NAME?
continuous generators
#NAME?
What do batch/continuous generators need?
1) inlet for waste materials
2) outlet for digested material to be removed
3) outlet so biogas can be piped to where it's needed
What is biodiversity?
the variety of different species of organisms on Earth, or within an ecosystem
Why are we taking more resources from the environment?
because our population is increasing.
people are demanding a higher standard of living
What is the waste produced affecting?
1) Water = sewage/toxic chemicals pollute lakes, rivers and oceans
2) Land = toxic chemicals used for farming. Nuclear waste buried, household waste in landfill sites
3) Air = smoke and acidic gases released into atmosphere polluting air
Which gases trap energy from the Sun?
Carbon dioxide and methane
What is the temperature of the Earth?
Balance between the energy it gets from Sun and energy it radiate back into space
What are greenhouse gases?
gases in the atmosphere which help keep the energy in
What is globally warming?
The Earth gradually heating up because if the increasing levels of greenhouse gases
What are the consequence of global warming?
1) Sea levels rising = flooding
2) Changes in species distribution
3) changes in migration patterns
4) reduction in biodiversity = extinction sometimes
What do we use land for?
#NAME?
What does destroying peat bogs do?
Add more CO2 to the atmosphere
What are bogs?
areas of land that are acidic and waterlogged.
How is peat formed?
plants that don't fully decay when they die, as not enough O2 so partly-rotten plants gradually build up to form peat
where is the carbon in plants stored instead of being released into the atmosphere?
In the peat
what happens to peat bogs so they can be used as farmland?
#NAME?
what happens when peat is drained?
comes into more contact with air and some microorganisms start to decompose it
what happens when microorganisms respire?
#NAME?
what does destroying the bogs also destroy?
habitats of some animals, plants and microorganisms = reduces biodiversity
why does deforestation take place?
#NAME?
what problems can deforestation cause?
#NAME?
why have breeding programmes been set up?
- prevent endangered animals from becoming extinct
- animals bred in captivity so species don't die out in wild
- sometimes released into wild to boost population
what does habitat protection do?
#NAME?
preventing global warming
governments introduced regulations to reduce deforestation level and CO2 among released in atmosphere
Reducing waste
#NAME?
population
all organisms if one species living in one habitat
community
populations of different species living in a habitat
Abiotic factors
non-living factors in the environment e.g. temp
biotic factors
living factors in the environment e.g. food
Ecosystem
interaction of community if living organisms with non-living parts of their environment
What do organisms need from their environments and other organisms to survive and reproduce?
1) Plants- light, space. water and mineral ions from soil
2) Animals - space, food, water and mates
In a community what do each species depend on each other for?
#NAME?
What are stable communities?
all species and environmental factors are in balance so the population sizes are roughly constant
Examples of abiotic factors?
#NAME?
Examples of Biotic factors?
#NAME?
What allows organisms to survive?
Adaptations
What type of adaptations can there be?
1) Structural - shape or colour
2) Behaviourial - migration patterns
3) functional - reactions happening inside the body
What are extremeophiles?
microorganisms that are adapted to live in very extreme conditions
What is biomass?
the mass of living material
why are predator-prey cycles always our of phase?
it takes a while for one population to respond to changes in the other population
What do environmental changes cause?
the distribution of organisms to change
What environmental changes can affect organisms ?
1) temperature
2) Availability of water
3) composition of atmospheric gases
What are environmental changes caused by?
#NAME?
What are the steps of the water cycle?
1) Evaporation
2) transpiration
3) condensation
4) precipitation
The carbon cycle stages
1) CO2 removed from atmosphere during photosynthesis
2) Plants and animals respire so CO2 returned into atmosphere
3) plants eaten by animals - C moves through food chain
4) plants/animals die, microorganisms feed on remains and their waste. they respire
Why do microorganisms break down plant/Animal waste?
to get energy
What is compost?
decomposed organic matter - used for natural fertilisers.
What factors is the rate of decay affected by?
1) Temperature
2) Water availability
3) Oxygen availability
4) Number of decay organisms
How is biogas made?
#NAME?
What is biogas made in?
a simple fermenter called a DIGESTER or GENERATOR
How are Biogas generators kept?
- constant temperature to keep microorganisms respiring away
- can't be stored as a liquid, so has to be used straight away
Batch generators
#NAME?
continuous generators
#NAME?
What do batch/continuous generators need?
1) inlet for waste materials
2) outlet for digested material to be removed
3) outlet so biogas can be piped to where it's needed
What is biodiversity?
the variety of different species of organisms on Earth, or within an ecosystem
Why are we taking more resources from the environment?
because our population is increasing.
people are demanding a higher standard of living
What is the waste produced affecting?
1) Water = sewage/toxic chemicals pollute lakes, rivers and oceans
2) Land = toxic chemicals used for farming. Nuclear waste buried, household waste in landfill sites
3) Air = smoke and acidic gases released into atmosphere polluting air
Which gases trap energy from the Sun?
Carbon dioxide and methane
What is the temperature of the Earth?
Balance between the energy it gets from Sun and energy it radiate back into space
What are greenhouse gases?
gases in the atmosphere which help keep the energy in
What is globally warming?
The Earth gradually heating up because if the increasing levels of greenhouse gases
What are the consequence of global warming?
1) Sea levels rising = flooding
2) Changes in species distribution
3) changes in migration patterns
4) reduction in biodiversity = extinction sometimes
What do we use land for?
#NAME?
What does destroying peat bogs do?
Add more CO2 to the atmosphere
What are bogs?
areas of land that are acidic and waterlogged.
How is peat formed?
plants that don't fully decay when they die, as not enough O2 so partly-rotten plants gradually build up to form peat
where is the carbon in plants stored instead of being released into the atmosphere?
In the peat
what happens to peat bogs so they can be used as farmland?
#NAME?
what happens when peat is drained?
comes into more contact with air and some microorganisms start to decompose it
what happens when microorganisms respire?
#NAME?
what does destroying the bogs also destroy?
habitats of some animals, plants and microorganisms = reduces biodiversity
why does deforestation take place?
#NAME?
what problems can deforestation cause?
#NAME?
why have breeding programmes been set up?
- prevent endangered animals from becoming extinct
- animals bred in captivity so species don't die out in wild
- sometimes released into wild to boost population
what does habitat protection do?
#NAME?
preventing global warming
governments introduced regulations to reduce deforestation level and CO2 among released in atmosphere
Reducing waste
#NAME?