Macroculture
the dominant culture in a country
microculture
the smaller less dominant culture
acculturation
learning the behaviors and expectations of a culture
assimilation
becomes apart of the dominant macroculture
universal culture
we are all genetically and biologically similar
biological sameness
we all need air, food, and water
national culture
can determine our language, political views, and our laws
ecological culture
where factors such as earthquakes, floods, and food supply may influence our behavior
Ethnicity
characterized by national, religious, linguistic, or cultural attributes
Emic viewpoint
each client is an individual with individual differences
Etic viewpoint
humans are humans regardless of background and culture, focuses on clients all being the same
Autoplastic
implies the counselor helps the client internally change to fit his or her environment (change comes from within)
Alloplastic
When the client and counselor try to change or alter external factors in the environment (to help the client cope)
Low context communication
implies there will be a long verbal explanation
High context communication
relies on non-verbals that are readily understood by others in the culture
Androgynous/Androgny
notion that psychologically healthy people possess both masculine and feminine characteristics
Proxemics (spacial relations)
address the issue of personal space
Means test
determine whether a client is eligible for a social program or benefit such as temporary assistance for needy families (TANF)
Assimilation/Contrast Theory
client will assume counselor's statements are similar to own beliefs as more similar (assimilation error) and dissimilar attitudes as even more dissimilar (contrast error)
F.H. Allport
created the theory of social facilitation
social facilitiation
the presence of other person improves an individual's performance