What are the two components (genes) of the "Pan-genome"?
Always found (core)
Variably found (accessory)
In what disease is P. aeruginosa the predominant lung pathogen?
Cystic Fibrosis
Why should you be reminded of Darwin/Galapagos islands in relation to pseudomonas in the lung?
A pseudomona strain that enters the lung will diversify and adapt to the specific locations of the lungs they infiltrate
The mutations in ________ protein cause CF
CFTR
Out in the environment, pseudomonas have very few mutations per year. What are mutation rates like when pseudomonas colonize the lung?
600x the yearly genetic
What is the relationship between biofilms and antibiotic resistance?
Biofilms INCREASE antibiotic resistance
What two bacterial characteristics are directly influenced by changes in biofilm gene expression?
Metabolism and antibiotic resistance
Why are the center core of biofilms metabolically inactive
They are nutrient limited
The accessory genome are largely made of ________ and ______________
Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence islands
Accessory genes define...
what an organism can DO
Core genes define...
what an organism IS (who is she? check her core genes biiish)
What are the two major symptoms of CF?
1) Pulmonary infections
2) Pancreatic dysfunction
Baseline vs "exacerbation" of CF -- what does this mean?
Baseline: the typical gradual progression of decline in lung function
Exacerbation: a sudden drop in lung function
After an exacerbation occurs, often times the point of exacerbation becomes the new "baseline
How do we know that P. aeruginosa diversification all come from the same ancestor? (method)
Genomic fingerprinting
What are the two main virulence factors that characterize pseunomonas?
Biofilm formation and mucoid phenotype
What does mucoid phenotype allow for biofilm formation?
Enables a head start for biofilms to metastasize
What do SNPs do? Why are they relevant?
Contribute to genetic variation -- root of genetic differences found among bacterial strains
Mucoid phenotype is caused by the overproduction of ____________, a polysaccharide
Alginate
What does the mucoid phenotype make around the bacteria?
a capsule
How are pseudomonas most frequently encounterd?
as contaminants in clinical lab setting
Two defining characteristics P. aeruginosa are...
oxidase positive
grows well at 42o C
What's the characteristic smell of pseudomonas?
Grape or corn chips
What pigment does pseunomoas produce and what do they look like?
Pyocyanin -- blue green and fluoresce under UV light
In NON-IMMUNOCOMPROMISED individuals, what are the two classic diseases caused by pseudomonas?
Hot tub folliculitis
Swimmer's ear
What are other manifestations of pseunomona disease?
UTI
Pneumonia
Wound infections
Chronic pulmonary infection
What are the two components (genes) of the "Pan-genome"?
Always found (core)
Variably found (accessory)
In what disease is P. aeruginosa the predominant lung pathogen?
Cystic Fibrosis
Why should you be reminded of Darwin/Galapagos islands in relation to pseudomonas in the lung?
A pseudomona strain that enters the lung will diversify and adapt to the specific locations of the lungs they infiltrate
The mutations in ________ protein cause CF
CFTR
Out in the environment, pseudomonas have very few mutations per year. What are mutation rates like when pseudomonas colonize the lung?
600x the yearly genetic
What is the relationship between biofilms and antibiotic resistance?
Biofilms INCREASE antibiotic resistance
What two bacterial characteristics are directly influenced by changes in biofilm gene expression?
Metabolism and antibiotic resistance
Why are the center core of biofilms metabolically inactive
They are nutrient limited
The accessory genome are largely made of ________ and ______________
Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence islands
Accessory genes define...
what an organism can DO
Core genes define...
what an organism IS (who is she? check her core genes biiish)
What are the two major symptoms of CF?
1) Pulmonary infections
2) Pancreatic dysfunction
Baseline vs "exacerbation" of CF -- what does this mean?
Baseline: the typical gradual progression of decline in lung function
Exacerbation: a sudden drop in lung function
After an exacerbation occurs, often times the point of exacerbation becomes the new "baseline
How do we know that P. aeruginosa diversification all come from the same ancestor? (method)
Genomic fingerprinting
What are the two main virulence factors that characterize pseunomonas?
Biofilm formation and mucoid phenotype
What does mucoid phenotype allow for biofilm formation?
Enables a head start for biofilms to metastasize
What do SNPs do? Why are they relevant?
Contribute to genetic variation -- root of genetic differences found among bacterial strains
Mucoid phenotype is caused by the overproduction of ____________, a polysaccharide
Alginate
What does the mucoid phenotype make around the bacteria?
a capsule
How are pseudomonas most frequently encounterd?
as contaminants in clinical lab setting
Two defining characteristics P. aeruginosa are...
oxidase positive
grows well at 42o C
What's the characteristic smell of pseudomonas?
Grape or corn chips
What pigment does pseunomoas produce and what do they look like?
Pyocyanin -- blue green and fluoresce under UV light
In NON-IMMUNOCOMPROMISED individuals, what are the two classic diseases caused by pseudomonas?
Hot tub folliculitis
Swimmer's ear
What are other manifestations of pseunomona disease?
UTI
Pneumonia
Wound infections
Chronic pulmonary infection