Coherence theory
truth results from agreement between a proposition, or a belief, and a fact
Descartes
sets out to rid himself of all his former opinions because he realizes they (his beliefs) are based on his senses, which have deceived him on occasion
In Philosophy through film Linch suggests what
suggest that difference of opinion is sufficient evidence to justify the relativist view
criticisms of cognitive relativism
has to do with the point of intellectual investigation in the absence of objective truth
Reason for cross-culture disparity between conceptual schemes
is because the environment shapes what perceptual attributes stand out
3 central questions of epistemology
What is knowledge?
Can we have knowledge?
How do we get knowledge?
the correspondance theory
does not determine truth by its consitency with an existing web of belief
Subjectivism
the doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth.
Decartes entertains the possibility that his waking state of consciousness is
just another level of dream
empirical knowledge is based on
experience
pragmatic theories of truth, the truth statement is determined by
the utility of workability of the belief
intra-cultural similarity among conceptual scheme is that
learning occurs WITH supervision
Linch indicates that Descrates problem is
explaining how a perceiver could get evidence that a current perception is caused by and accurately represents an external object
Paradigms of rationalist model of knowledge
logical and math
Skepticism:
the view that genuine knowledge about the nature of the external world is unattainable
Laid the ground work for modern skepticism
descartes
to ask what really happened or to use the conflicting accounts as clues to discover the hidden truth. the natural tendency this reveals is
inquisitive nature
Skepticism has its source in the fact that we all directly experience our own
sensations
In meditation one, descretes indicates that he wants to create
a new firm and permanent foundation in science
The first belief to survive descrates use of skepticism is
I AM, I EXIST
one of the 3 central questions of epistemology is concerned with the issue of verification, and therefor addresses the nature of
truth
defined as flashes of insight, abbreviated reason or quick perception
intutition
descretes considers that his sesnsations of the world are being manipulated by
an evil demon
Mental bias that leads us ti ignore some evidence and overestimate other parts of it
prejudice
Unexamined, uncritical view that the world is essentially just like it appears to be
realism
The latin term; knowledge is knowledge that is deprived independent from experience
a priori
the view that objects and the qualities we perceive through our senses do not exist independently of a mind consciousness of them
subjectivism
practice of evoking strong emotions or desires in order to suggest ideas, principles, and courses of action that are intended to appear as the way of addressing the emotion of satisfying the desire.
propaganda
q
The view that knowledge is derived from experience
empiricism
What is conceptual scheme
individuals mindset and how they view the world
What is egocentric predicament
the problem of not being able to view reality outside of our own perceptions.
two thesis of cognitive objectivism
1. (Nature of the world)
There is a mind independent world made up of objects whose existence is independent of what anyone or group thinks.
2.(Nature of truth) The correspondence theory of truth; truth is determined by whether or not the statement has facts of the mind independent world.
the most often cited criticism against cognitive relativism
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