1: Technological Changes: What did Johann Gutenberg invent and when did he do it?
Printing press, 1400s
1: Technological Changes: Whose writings convinced cartographers that lands being explored were not part of Asia but new continents in Europe?
Amerigo Vespucci
1: Technological Changes: What four things opened the American continents to European exploration, conquest, and settlement?
better ships, navigational devices, warfare, and gunpowder
1: Intellectual Changes: What two ancient learnings provided significance and inspiration for Europeans during the Renaissance?
Greek and Romans
1: Intellectual Changes: What device led to new knowledge, innovations, inventions, and confidence in individualism?
printing press
1: Religious Changes: During the Middle Ages, ________________ Europe was loyal to the _______________ Catholic and the Pope
Western, Roman
1: Religious Changes: Who questioned the Pope's authority as knowledge increases among people?
Martin Luther
1: Religious Changes: Who sparked the Protestant Reformation?
Maritin Luther
1: Religious Changes: Which county became a Protestant nation with Henry VII as its head?
England
1: Religious Changes: What were the effects of the Protestant movement that caused many people to leave Europe for America?
Religious wars, intolerance, and persecution
1: Political Changes: What emerged as the new type of political organization in Europe during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance?
Nation-state
1: Political Changes: What were the powerful Roman Catholic Nations?
France, Spain, Portugal
1: Political Changes: What were the powerful protestant countries?
England, Holland, and Sweden
1: Political Changes: The exploration of ___________________ _________________ in 1492 resuled through Ferdinand and Isabella's unification efforts to develop the new nation of Spain from smaller states.
Christopher Columbus
1: Economic Changes: What prompted the final set of changes for Europeans to explore and settle in America?
Capitalism
1: Political Changes: Exploration and expansion of horizons was enhanced by what new knowledge?
Astronomy, navigation, shipbuilding, weapons, and the printing press
1: Political Changes: Capitalism was promoted by new national monarchs, who granted ________ and exclusive _________ __________ to individual capitalists
Land, trade rights
1: Europe Ready For Expansion to America: Europe was transitioned from the Middle Ages into the modern era by pivotal changes such as...
Technology, intellect, religion, politics, and economics
2: Spanish Conquests: What was the first nation to explore and conquer large sections of American continents?
Spain
2: Spanish Conquests: What did Spanish settlers use slaves for in the Caribbean islands?
To establish sugar plantations
2: Spanish Conquests: What two things did Spaniards steal from Indian civilizations in Mexico and Pero?
Gold and silver
2: Spanish Conquests: What was promoted by the English, French, and other nations?
Pirating of Spanish ships
2: Spanish Conquests: In what year did American gold and silver provide a boost to the European economy?
1650
2: The Spanish in Florida and Carolina: Spaniards in pursuing more ______________, gave claim to large sections of the continent
wealth
2: The Spanish in Florida and Carolina: Who sent 2 expeditions to Florida as far north as South Carolina with little success?
Ayllon
2: The Spanish in Florida and Carolina: What years did De Soto attempt to strengthen Spain's claim to La Florida
1539-1542
2: The Spanish in Florida and Carolina (T or F) De Soto and his army were the 1st Europeans to explore interiors of what was to become the United States
True
2: The Spanish in Florida and Carolina The De Soto armies in their searches spread what among the Indian nations?
Disease and destruction
2: Spanish and French Competition: In what year did Jean Ribault build a small fort on Parris Island?
1562
2: Spanish and French Competition: In the building of the fort on Parris Island, some settlers stayed and some sailed to France for more ____________________ and __________________
Colonists, supplies
2: Spanish and French Competition: At The fort in Parris Island, what two things led to the building of a boat made of wood caulked with Spanish moss and pine rosin?
Scarcity in food, and a decision to sail for France
2: Spanish and French Competition: On Parris Island, who set up settlements and left small garrisons in his forts?
Juan Pardo
2: Spanish and French Competition: After what conflicts on settlements did the Spaniards finally erect a fort using prefabricated sections?
Spanish-Indian conflicts
2: Spanish and French Competition: For nearly how many years did Indians in South Carolina have no intrusion by Europeans?
80
3: Unsuccessful Colonies: Where in North Carolina did the English try to establish a colony?
the Outer Banks
3: Unsuccessful Colonies: Who was granted land by Queen Elizabeth I and sent soldiers to the Outer Banks in 1585
Sir Walter Raleigh
3: Unsuccessful Colonies: After colony attempts in Outer Banks failed, in what year did Raleigh send men, women, children, and soldiers to establish the settlements of Roanoke?
1587
3: Unsuccessful Colonies: : The whole colony of Roanoke disappeared, and this ______________ _____________ was never found.
Lost colony
3: Jamestown in Virginia: What year did Jamestown become the first permanent English settlement in America?
1607
3: Jamestown in Virginia: What was Jamestown named in honor of?
Queen Elizabeth I
3: Jamestown in Virginia: What was the colony owned and operated by that had the potential to make a profit?
Joint-stock company
3: Jamestown Poor Leadership: What were the difficulties that Jamestown enountered?
inept leadership, poor preparation for wilderness living, unrealistic expectations about wealth, diseases, malnutrition
3: Jamestown Poor Leadership: In what year did economic conditions improve in jamestown as settlers realized Indian Tobacco could be exported to Europe?
1616
3: Jamestown Government: What is the practice of settlers coming to America in return for becoming a servant for seven years?
Indentured servant
3: Jamestown Government: In addition to indentured servants, what is another practice that Jamestown adopted?
Headright system
3: Jamestown Government: What government form essentially began in Virginia?
Representative government in America
3: Jamestown Government: In 1619 the ____________ ___ __________________ was established which promoted the interests of large landowners and also set a precedent for local control
House of Burgesses
3: Jamestown Arrival of Women and Slaves: What were the two other significant precedents in Virginia in 1619?
1) A boatload of young women 2) a boatload of African slaves
3: Jamestown Arrival of Women and Slaves: What three things did Virginia's economy eventually depend largely on?
Tobacco, labor of black slaves, labor of white servants
3: Jamestown Relation with Indians: After the standard set by Virginia, what did many colonies continue doing?
Being disrespectful toward Indians
3: Jamestown Relation with Indians: ____________ supplies and __________ were taken from the Indians who would occasionally retaliate
food, land
3: Jamestown Relation with Indians: What three dates did Indians attack the whites and kill many settlers?
1622, 1644, 1675
3: Jamestown Relation with Indians: Why did the whites win in attacks against the Indians?
Their superior firepower
3: Jamestown Relation with Indians: Less than _____________ Indians remained in Virginia by the end of the century
1,000
3: Maryland: What were the two differences between the neighboring colonies Jamestown and Virginia?
Difference in origin and governance
3: Maryland: Instead of a corporate colony, what type of colony was it?
Proprietary colony
3: Maryland: Who was the Catholic that Maryland was under direction of?
Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
3: Maryland: Most Englishmen were prejudiced against Catholic, so Maryland became a place of ____________ _______________ for different christian denominations
Religious liberty
3: New England Colonies: What was the dominant religious group in New England?
A radical group of Protestants known as Puritand
3: New England Colonies: For many decades what was the official church of England?
Protestant (Anglican Church)
3: New England Puritans: Who wanted to cleanse the Anglican church of all reminders of Catholicism?
Puritans
3: New England Puritans: (T or F) Puritans emphasized personal salvation, individual devotion, and honest labor
True
3: New England Puritans: One of the core values in the __________________ ____________ was based on this "work ethic" created by the Puritans
American dream
3: New England Pilgrims: Are the Separatists more or less radical than the Puritans?
More
3: New England Pilgrims: The Separatists thought that the Anglican Church was too ___________ to purify and that good Christians should separate from it
corrupt
3: New England Pilgrims: In what year did a group of Separatists sail on the Mayflower and arrive at Plymouth in Massachusetts to set up homes?
1620
3: New England Pilgrims: Despite hardships, the community survived, only to be overshadowed in ___________, vitality, and ____________ by the new settlement established in Boston
Numbers, wealth
3: Massachusetts Bay Colony: In what year was the Puritan settlement in Boston Massachusetts established?
1630
3: Massachusetts Bay Colony: This colony was very successful with food, decisions, _____________ , and education
buisness
3: Massachusetts Bay Colony: What did Puritans consider their venture because Massachusetts' leadership was almost dictatorial about religion?
A religious beacon
3: Other New England Colonies: Other than Massachusetts, what were the two other New England Colonies and who established them?
Connecticut; Thomas Hooker, Rhode Island; Roger Williams
3: Other New England Colonies: Who was a strong advocate of religious freedom and the principle of separation of church and state?
Roger Williams
3: Middle Colonies: In what century was England developing colonies along the North American Coast while other European countries also desired colonies there?
17th century
3: Middle Colonies: Which country claim the area around Manhattan Island and the Hudson River?
Netherlands (Holland)
3: New Netherlands: In what year did the Dutch set up a trading post at Albany?
1624
3: New Netherlands: In what year was another trading post set up on Manhattan Island calling the town "New Amsterdam" and the colony "New Netherland"?
1625
3: New Netherlands: The pursuit of ___________ and ____________ caused people of New Amsterdam to accept different languages, religions, and nationalities
Trade, Profit
3: New Netherlands: In 1664 New Amsterdam was captured by what country and was given to James Duke of York by his brother King Charles II?
England
3: New Jersey: The territory of _______ _______________ was part of King Charles' grant to James, Duke of York, which he divided amongst two friends.
New Jersey
3: New Jersey: Why were settlers encouraged into this area?
By promises of inexpensive land, religious freedom, and political participation
3: New Jersey: New Jersey became a colony of prosperous ______________ on fertile land.
farmers
3: Pennsylvania: In what years did Quakers form a new sect in England and desired to make a more pure Christian religion and a more just society?
1640s
3: Pennsylvania: Believed in what, so they refused to recognize social rank, violence, serve in the military, and considered individual conscience more important than church authority or scripture?
Equality of people
3: Pennsylvania: Who is the Quaker champion who was granted land the size of England and established Pennsylvania which set the standard for pluralism?
William Penn