What is cinematography?
Lighting, Lens Choice, Camera Placement, Framing and Composition and Camera Movement
The most important principle on this stage.
Safety
Focal Length (wide)
short
show a greater 'Field of View'
show more background and distort foreground subjects.
Telephoto (telephoto)
Long
show a smaller 'Field of View'
show less background and appears to compress space.
Zoom lenses
change focal length internally.
F-Stop equals?
Focal length/size of opening
The smaller the f stop
the more light gets in
For f stops, each number change
doubles brightness through exposure or doubles darkness through exposure
As aperture opens,
? Exposure Increases (More light is let in)
? Depth of field is reduced.
Depth of field
the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.
Circle of Confusion
An optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point source; used to determine depth of field
How f/Stop Affects Circle of Confusion
? The plane of the image in focus shrinks as the f/stops increase.
? The shorter the focal length, the greater the depth of field.
Shutter
? The shutter allows the film to advance, or sensor to save the data.
? The shutter also affects the amount of motion blur in an image.
Motion Blur
? The duration of the shutter is described in terms of degrees.
? Normal shutter speed allows the film to be exposed half the time.
Shutter Angle
The shorter the amount of time the shutter allows the image to be exposed, the less motion blur there will be.
Sensitivity
? The sensitivity of film is measured in terms of ASA.
? The sensitivity of a digital camera is measured in terms of ISO.
Noise
? As you increase the sensitivity, you increase exposure.
? As you increase the sensitivity, you also increase the noise.
Five ways to change exposure.
? Aperture
? Shutter Speed
? ISO
? Filtration
? Lighting
4 of 5 methods of changing exposure also have an associated artistic effect.
? Aperture / Depth of field
? Shutter Speed / Motion Blur
? ISO / Noise
? Filtration (Interference Filter / Neutral Density Filter)
Color Temperature
? The spectrum is measured by degrees Kelvin.
? Incandescent light is roughly 3200 K.
? Daylight is roughly 5600 K.
? Fluorescent light is roughly 4400 K.