What was clara barton's contribution to nursing?
-Founded the red cross
-Founded the first aid association
What was Mary Mahoney's contribution to nursing?
-Created diversity through nursing profession
-intrgrated equal opportunities for minority groups
-laid foundations for nursing
What was linda Richard's contribution to nursing?
-organized nursing staffing process
-started night shifts
-created first written patient reports
-started more nursing programs
What was florence nightingale's contribution to nursing
-made things sanitary decreasing death rates, used statitics to figure out problem
-est. first scientifically based nursing school
what was dorothea dix's contribution to nursing
-helped reform the conditions of the mentally ill and prisioners
-asylum movement, demanded reform and got funds
what was lillian wald's contribution to nursing
-advocating and providing care to the poor
-co founded henry street
-coined term public health nurse
-integrated nurses into schools
-advocated national health insurance plan and metropolitan life insurance to hire nurses
what was loretta ford's contribution to nursing?
started first nurse practioner program in US
what was mary nutting's contribution to nursing?
-expanded curriculium in the school of nursing
-added preclinical training period
-limited number of hrs students could work
-est a professional library at school
-efforts to increase the level and qualtiy of education for nurses
virginia henderson's needs theory
-assist the patient with activities until they recover or die
-14 basic needs
dorothea orem's self care theory
-nurse prescribes and regulates the nursing system based on the patient's self care deficit
Roys adaptation model
-nursing as a "humanistic discipline that emphasizes the person's adpative or coping abilities
-used for education, research, and nursing practice
margaret newmans wellness model based on general systems theory
-focus is the client system in relationship to stressors
-define health as expanding consciousness of increasing complexity
madeline leininger's transcultural nursing
-viewed cultural differences and health care practices
-nursing care is based on culturally congruent care
peplau's theory of interpersonal relationship
-focuses on the effective interaction between teh patient and the nurses
-focus on psychiatric nursing intially
-2 goals, survival of paitent and patient understanding
watsons theory of caring
-goal of nursing is to help people attain a higher level of harmony within the mind body spirti
-holistic outlook
-10 carative factors
9 Essientials for baccalaurete education from the AACN
-liberal education for bacc generalist nursing practice
-basic organization and systems leadership for qaulity care and patient saftey
-scholarship for evidence based practice
-information management and application of patient care technology
-healthcare
DECs
-member of the profession
-provide patient centered care
-patient saftey advocate
-member of the health care team
assualt
attempt or threat to touch someone unjustifiably
battery
willful touching a person that may or may not cause them harm
malpractice
professional negligence
defamation
the action of damaging the good reputation of someone; slander or libel.
invasion of privacy
...
hazaradous event
a circumstance (other than patients own disease process or condition) that increases the probability of an adverse event. ex poor nurse staffing, falty equipment
main purpose of the BON
-protect and promote the welfare of the people of texas
-ensures taht liscensed nurses are competent to practice safely
purpose of the nurse practice act
-sets the rules and laws that govern nursing
-creates the BON adn defines it responsibility for regulating nursing education, liscensure, and practice
safe harbor
-process that protects a nurse from employer retatliation and licensure sanction when a nurse makes a good faith request for peer review of an assignment or conduct the nurse is requested to perform and that the nurse believes could result in violation of
internal variables
-developmental stage
-intellectual background
-perception of functioning
-emotional factors
-spiritual factos
external variables
-family practices
-socioeconomic factors
-cultural background
primary prevention
true prevention that lowers teh changes that a disease will devleop
-ex. immunizations, welnness, education
secondary prevention
focuses on those who have a disease adn are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions
-ex. screenings/follow-ups
tertiary prevention
occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversiable
ex. rehab
purpose of the nurses code of the nurse code of ethics
-shared by the members of the group
-relects their moral judgements over time
-serve as a standard for their professional actions
code of ANA nursing code of ethics
-advocacy
-responsibilty
-accountability
-confidentiallity
fidelity
-honoring ones commitment
-ex. ill be right back
utilitarianism
-value is determined by its usefulness
-focus on outcome or consequnces of an action
-sex education and risk of hiv
autonomy
-freedom from external contol
-people have the right to make their own decisions
-tuckgee symphillis study
-surgical consent
justice
-fairness
-insurance, health care services, organ transplant
veracity
telling the truth
nonmaleficence
-do no harm
-can be complex
-bone marrow transplant
beneficence
-doing good
-nurses are obligated to do actions that benefit client
core elements of pt centered care
-education
-involvemnet of family and friends
-collaboration
-sensitivity to spirituality and non medical issues
-respect fro pt needs/preferences
-accessibility of information
what blocks communication
-failure to percieve the pt as human
-failure to listen
-inappropiate comments
-using cliches
-using closd questions
-using quesiton with hwy and how
-using questions that probe for info
-using leadign questions
-using comments that give advice
-using jud
open communication
...
closed communication
...
what is stress
a process beginning with an event that evokes a degree of tension or anxiety
-REPONSE
what effects can stress have on the body
increase risk for infection, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer
what is burnout
-a state of emotional mental and physical exhaustion
what behaviors reflect burnout
-feelings of a sense of hopelessness, things will not get better
-loss of a sense of personal identity
-feelings of failure
-absent or late to school
-loss of motivation
-detachment and depression
-cynicism
compassion fatigue
...
what are ego defense mechanisms
-denial
-rationalization
-sublimation
-discplacement
-regression
-repression
denail- when.how used
refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or feelings associated with it
repression-when/how used
involuntary blocking unpleasant feelings
sublimation-when/how used
rechanneling of drives to socially acceptable ones
rationalization-when/how used
attempting to make excuses
regression-when/how used
retreating in reponse to stress to an earlier level of development
displacement-when/how used
the transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening
sbar
-communication
-sitution
-background
-assessemnt
-recommendation
cus
-Concerned
-uncomfortable
-saftey issue
-mutual support
im safe
-illness
-medication
-stress
-alcohol and drugs
-fatigue
-eating and elimination
-AWARNESS OF YOUR OWN STATUS
-situation monitoring
briefs
should address the following
-who is on the team
-all members understand adn agree upon goals
-roles adn responsibilty are understood
-staff and provders availabilty throughtout the shift
-workload among team members
-availabilty of resources
debriefs
-after
should address the following
-communciation clear
-situation awareness
-workload distributed evenly
-task assistance requested or offered
-were errors or avoided
-what went well, what should change, what should improve
huddles
-problem solving
-touch base meetings
-discuss critcal issues and emerging events
-anticipate outcomes and likely contigencies
-assign resources
-express concerns
definition of quality improvement IOM
Identify errors and hazards
Understand and implement basic safety design principles
Quality of care is measured in terms of structure, process, and outcomes in relation to patient and community needs
Design and test interventions to change processes and s
definition of quality improvement joint commission
An approach to the continuous study and improvement of the process of providing health care services to meet the needs of patients and others and inform health care policy
what are hospital acquired complications
Falls
Hospital acquired decubiti
Performing wrong procedure
Administering wrong blood type
Air embolism
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)
Foreign object retained after surgery
root cause analysis
performed after near miss, indepth analyasis of the error to identify causes and possible solutions
what questions are asking during TJC root cause analysis
what happened?, why did it happen? what were the most proximate factors? what systems and processes underlie those proximate factors?
under use
failure to provide service that wouldve produced favorable outcome for the pt, maybe the pt didnt have insurance or the means to pay
misuse
patient is given med or theyve undergone a treatment that is not need or that evidence has shown is not effective
overuse
eldery given multiple meds from diff health care providers. need to make sure we arent doubling stuff. ex. giving antibiotic with someone with sore throat without checking if its a virus
near miss
involves detecting mistake before it happens. ex preparing a left knee for surgery when it was the rt knee getting surgery or mislabeling a blood tube
what is plan do study act model
The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Worksheet is a useful tool for documenting a test of change. The PDSA cycle is shorthand for testing a change by developing a plan to test the change (Plan), carrying out the test (Do), observing and learning from the conseque
what is sentinel event
is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or
psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Serious injury specifically includes loss of
limb or function. The phrase "or the risk thereof" includes any process variation for
which a recurr
what is rapid improvement event model and when is it used
is used to evaulate a serious problem and they need to make changes quickly, things they doing now are not working, takes about a week and is done. protect pt saftey, solve serious problems in health care
definition of Evidence base practive from IOM
integrating the best
research with clinical expertise and patient values for optimum care, and participating in learning and
research activities to the extent feasible
steps used in EBP
Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
1. Ask a clinical question in the right format
2. Search for the most relevant and best evidence
literature review
3. Critically appraise the evidence gathered
4. Integrate all evidence with your clinical expertise and
patien
PICOT
-Patient
Population of interest
-Intervention
Prognostic factors, risk behaviors, exposure to disease, or clinical
intervention/treatment
-Comparison
Treatment vs no treatment
Test scores: before/after tutoring
Perception: change in perception after educa