Describe the Civil Rights Movement that emerged in NI during the 1960s.
Various groups began to form and started protesting the Northern Irish gov't and policies. THey wanted equality for a ll citizens in jobs, housing, voting, and policiing reforms. This civil rights movement was seen as one mroe catered to Catholic and nati
Why did the British gov't send the British Army to the streets of NI?
The British Army was sent to the streets of NI because as the movement went on into the late 60s, citizens began clashing with the Royal Ulster Constabulary more frequently and fiercely.
Define the RUC.
The Royal Ulster Constabulary was the Protestant police force in NI.
What happened on "Bloody Sunday"?
On January 30, 1972, a civil rights march took place in Derry/Londonderry where marchers clashed with British Army Paratroopers. 14 marchers died and paratroopers opened fire on the crowd. This even marked the end of the mass street demonstrations organiz
How did "the Troubles" begin?
Some people believe the turning point of the Troubles was October 5, 1968, while others believe that they began when the British Army was deployed to the streets of NI after the Battle of Bogside in 1969. In response to the battle, riots broke out started
Why did the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) break off of the IRA? What did the PIRA try to do after that?
The PIRA broke off from the IRA becase of the criticism of the IRA for failing to protect communities being affected by the riots. Didn't think that IRA was taking enough action, they were more radical. The PIRA started a violent campaign against the RUC,
What impact did direct British rule have on the conflict?
The British assumed direct rule of NI in an attempt to restore order, but tension and attacks increased because of the higher number of troops in the streets.
Define guerrilla warfare. Why did the PIRA use this tactic?
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What were tit-for-tat killings?
Loyalist paramilitaries carried out an assassination campaign against innocent members of the nationalist and Catholic community in order to put pressure on PIRA. In response, Republican paramilitaries also targeted members of the unionist and Protestant
When was the Good Friday Agreement? Explain what it did.
- Ends the Troubles, gives Irish more political power, breaks down hard borders
- The Good Friday Agreement was signed on April 10, 1998. It was supported by the majority of pop, est. power sharing in NI, maintained relationship w/the Republic and Britain
What were some human costs of the Troubles?
- death toll of the NI conflict was almost 3500 by the time of the Good Friday Agreement's signing
- over half of those killed form 1969-98 were civilians
- as a result of the fighting and tension between both sides, thousands of people were displaced fro