Unit 6 Test Tips

What are the advantages/disadvantage is of sexual/asexual reproduction

Sexual Reproduction-produces organisms that are genetically diverse. Asexual reproduction-takes less time and energy because no mate is needed.

What 2 processes contribute to genetic diversity in meiosis and how?

1) crossing over: exchanging a small bit of DNA resulting in a new combination of genes 2) independent assortment: homologous chromosomes line up at random

Identify the phases of mitosis and meiosis from a picture

What could you infer about the cell cycle for all types of cancer?

The cancer cells have a disrupted cell cycle

What is most likely the cause for a disrupted cell cycle

A mutation that affected one of the checkpoints during the cell cycle, caused the cell to continue to grow resulting in a cancerous tumor

What features in the stages of mitosis and meiosis could help you distinguish between the two?

During meiosis, crossing over in Prphase 1 allows for the random swap of genetic material, while mitosis does not include crossing over.

What are the products of mitosis and meiosis and how did those products differ?

Mitosis has 2 daughter cells, identical to parent, diploid. Meiosis has 4 daughter cells, different from parent, haploid

If you had to describe meiosis and mitosis in 10 words or less to someone, what words would you use for each?

Mitosis- Division of nucleus in somatic cells producing 2 diploid cells. Meiosis- division of nucleus in gametes producing 4 haploid cells

If an organism had 10 chromosomes, how many would it have at the end of mitosis? How many for meiosis?

Mitosis- 10 somatic (body) cells Meiosis- 5 gamete cells

Definiton of crossing over

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring

Definition of independent assortment

Allele of two or more different genes get sorted into game is independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene

How many cells do you end up with when producing gametes?

Four

What process produces reproductive cells (aka gametes/sex cells/germ cells)

Meiosis

Identify independent and dependent variables in an experiment

Independent- x axis, tested and manipulated variable. Dependent- y axis, measured or responding variable

What happens to homologous chromosomes and sister chromosomes during meiosis I and meiosis II

Homologous chromosomes divide in Meiosis I and sister chromosomes divide in meiosis II

If the end result is 2 cells identical to the parent, what process occurred?

Mitosis