Interphase
A period between cell divisions divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins
Prophase (Mitosis)
Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms
Metaphase (Mitosis)
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase (Mitosis)
Chromatids are pulled apart toward the poles
Telophase (Mitosis)
After the chromosome separates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in four genetically different daughter cells that each have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Crossing Over
exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
Prophase Diagram
Metaphase Diagram
Anaphase Diagram
Crossing Over Diagram
Telophase Diagram
Mitosis Diagram
Meiosis Diagram
Order of Phases of Mitosis
Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase
Haploid
Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (half the normal diploid #) n
Diploid
A cell that contains sets of chromosomes. (2n)
Prophase I (Meiosis)
Phase When Crossing Over occurs in Meiosis
Mitosis
Cell's division (PMAT) of the nucleus. Final product is 2 cells that are exactly like the parent cell.
Gametes
A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
Zygote
Fertilized egg cell
Egg
Female gamete
Sperm
Male gamete
Pollen
Substance produced by the stamen that contains the sperm cell
Metaphase I (Meiosis)
Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Anaphase I (Meiosis)
Homologous chromosomes separate
Telophase I (Meiosis)
2 nuclei form and cytokinesis occurs simultaneously
Meiosis II
the second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating, along with the two diploid cells splitting in two to make 4 daughter cells; includes Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II
G1 phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
S phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
G2 phase
The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. Cell produces extra organelles prior to division
Chromosome
a condensed threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
sister chromatids
Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.
homologous chromosomes
Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.