Cell Division - Mitosis and Meiosis

Interphase

A period between cell divisions divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins

Prophase (Mitosis)

Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms

Metaphase (Mitosis)

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase (Mitosis)

Chromatids are pulled apart toward the poles

Telophase (Mitosis)

After the chromosome separates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

Meiosis

A type of cell division that results in four genetically different daughter cells that each have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Crossing Over

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

Prophase Diagram

Metaphase Diagram

Anaphase Diagram

Crossing Over Diagram

Telophase Diagram

Mitosis Diagram

Meiosis Diagram

Order of Phases of Mitosis

Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase

Haploid

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (half the normal diploid #) n

Diploid

A cell that contains sets of chromosomes. (2n)

Prophase I (Meiosis)

Phase When Crossing Over occurs in Meiosis

Mitosis

Cell's division (PMAT) of the nucleus. Final product is 2 cells that are exactly like the parent cell.

Gametes

A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.

Zygote

Fertilized egg cell

Egg

Female gamete

Sperm

Male gamete

Pollen

Substance produced by the stamen that contains the sperm cell

Metaphase I (Meiosis)

Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Anaphase I (Meiosis)

Homologous chromosomes separate

Telophase I (Meiosis)

2 nuclei form and cytokinesis occurs simultaneously

Meiosis II

the second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating, along with the two diploid cells splitting in two to make 4 daughter cells; includes Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II

G1 phase

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

S phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.

G2 phase

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. Cell produces extra organelles prior to division

Chromosome

a condensed threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

sister chromatids

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.

homologous chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.