If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
CAGGTA
The ribosome is a very large complex of RNA and protein molecules.
True
Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT
production of sperm and eggs
The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the
nucleus
Chromatin consists of
DNA and protein
A duplicated chromosome consists of two
sister chromatids
Sister chromatids are joined at the
centromere
Which of the following occurs during interphase
chromosome duplication occurs
The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of
two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information
Which of the following occurs during prophase?
mitotic spindle begins to form
Which of the following is a stage of mitosis?
telophase
The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
During metaphase,
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Which of these events occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes.
A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would
have two nuclei
Cytokinesis typically begins during the _____ stage of mitosis
telophase
What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?
Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do form lumps
Sexual reproduction in humans
allows a haploid sperm cell to fertilize a haploid egg cell
How much genetic material is present in a cell during prophase I compared to a cell that has completed meiosis II?
four times as much
One difference between mitosis and meiosis is
mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not
Crossing over during prophase I results in
genetic recombination
Mitosis is used for the production of gametes- sex xells, or sperm and eggs. Its goal is to make daughter cells with exactly half as many chromosomes as the starting cell.
False
Alleles are described as
alternate versions of a gene
According to Mendel's law of segregation, ______.
gametes have one allele copy for each gene
Which of these crosses will produce only heterozygous offspring?
AA x aa
What name is given to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?
locus
An individual with the genotype AaBb produces four different gametes in equal proportions. This is a demonstration of
Mendel's law of independent assortment
What is the key to the recognition of codominance?
The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes.
In humans, the inheritance of ______ is best explained as being polygenic.
skin color
The dominant allele has the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or two copies
complete dominance
The I^A and I^B are _______. Both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals (I^AI^B), who have type AB blood
codominant
One gene influences multiple characters, a property is called
pleiotropy
Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What genotypic ratio is expected when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes?
50%
The ______ is most commonly found in nature.
wild-type trait
Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism caused by a dominant allele. The homozygous dominant genotype causes death, so individuals who have this condition are all heterozygotes. If a person with achondroplasia mates with a person who does not have achondropl
50%
What is the key to the recognition of incomplete dominance?
The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotype of the homozygotes.
Many humans traits, such as our performance on intelligence tests or our susceptibility to heart disease, are
influenced by both genes and the environment
In humans, the inheritance of ______ is best explained as codominance.
blood type
The dominant allele has the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or two copies.
complete dominance
If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism's appearance and is called the recessive allele; the other has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance and is called the dominant allele.
False
As the mRNA passes through the ribosomes, each codon interacts with the anticodon of a specific ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule
False
After replication,
each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
phenotype
How many amino acids are common to all living systems?
20
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
three
Transcription is the ________.
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______.
single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?
RNA polymerase