[...] is expressed by APCs and binds to the CD28 on the na�ve T cell to activate the na�ve T cell and induce an immune response
B7-1 (CD80)
B7-1 (CD80) is expressed by APCs and binds to the [...] on the na�ve T cell to activate the na�ve T cell and induce an immune response
CD28
[...] is expressed by APCs and bind to the CTLA-4 on regulatory T cells and activated T cells which will inhibit T cell activation
B7-2 (CD86)
B7-2 (CD86) is expressed by APCs and bind to the [...] on regulatory T cells and activated T cells which will inhibit T cell activation
CTLA-4
[...] is expressed on APCs and other cells and will bind to ICOS on activated T cells, T follicular helper cells in order drive a generation of T follicular helper cells.
ICOS-L (CD275)
ICOS-L (CD275) is expressed on APCs and other cells and will bind to [...] on activated T cells, T follicular helper cells in order drive a generation of T follicular helper cells.
ICOS
[...] is expressed on APCs, endothelial, epithelial and tumor cells (PD-L1 only) which will bind to PD-1 on activated T cells and inhibit T cell activation of effector T cells (killer T cells).
PD-LH1 (B7-H1, CD274)
PD-LH1 (B7-H1, CD274) is expressed on APCs, endothelial, epithelial and tumor cells (PD-L1 only) which will bind to [...] on activated T cells and inhibit T cell activation of effector T cells (killer T cells).
PD-1
The costimulation of T cells is accomplished by _____ linking with _____ which releases ______ to drive T cell proliferation and differentiation
B7 / CD28 / IL-2
What signals naive T cells to go to the lymph node?
IL-7
L-selectin binds ?
GlyCAM-1 and CD34
What activates LFA-1 tight binding? what does it bind to?
Chemokines & IL-1 / ICAM-1
Dendritic cells express ____ when processing antigen
CCR7
Dendritic cells expresses MHC class & ____ to bind with CD28 on naive T cell
B7
Phosphorylation could upregulate ____ & ____ to allow for cell survival
Bcl-X & Bcl-2
Phosphorylation could upregulate secretion of ____ and expression of IL-2R which leads to cell proliferation
IL-2
Phosphorylation could upregulate ____ but down regulate cell cycle inhibitors to cause cell proliferation
cyclins
Phosphorylation could upregulate cyclins but down regulate _______ to cause cell proliferation
cell cycle inhibitors
CD28 binds to
CD80/CD86 (B7.1/B7.2)
CD152 (CTLA-4) binds to
CD80/CD86 (B7.1/B7.2)
CD154 (CD40L) binds to
CD40
CD11a/CD18
LFA-1
CD54
ICAM-1
CD11a/CD18 binds to
CD54 (ICAM-1)
CD2 binds to
CD58 (LFA-3)
CD69
ligand that allows T cell to stick to the lymph node
CD40L helps with stimulating
class switch
CTLA-4 helps to get back to
homeostatic baseline
CD25
IL-2R that is used for T cell proliferation
CD1
surface glycoprotein that presents lipids/glycolipids to TCR V region by showing the polar cap while binding to non-polar tail. It is expressed with B2M and can present to ab or gd T cells & NKT cells
CD1d
NKT cell marker on APC
NKT cells express
TCR and CD161c (NK1.1)
NKT cells bind only with
CD1d
superantigen
Outside binding only
Binds MHC Class 2 and crosslinks it with the Beta chain of CD4+ T cell
unregulated massive responses because of intense binding that occurs
activates up to 10% of the T cell population
superantigen
4 effector T cells that Naive CD4+ can become
- Th1
- Th2
- Th17
- Tfh
Secreted by monocytes, macrophages, DC & B cells. Regulates Th1-Th2 by inhibiting Th2 cell development.
IL-12
Secreted by Th2 cells, inhibits production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 by Th1 cells, growth factor for B cells
IL-10
inhibits APC production of IL-12
IL-4
Th1 cells produce
IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha
APC produce
IL-12
what inhibits production of IL-4
IFN-gamma
Th2 secrete
IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13
Th1 cells activate _______________. Th2 cells activate ______________.
macrophages, killer T cell and B cells / Eosinophils, mast cells & Basophils
Tfh cells activate
B cells for isotope switching and affinity maturation
Th17 cells secrete
IL-17, IL-22
Th17 cells recruit
neutrophils
Treg cells inhibit
dendritic cells
Treg cells do what
prevent autoimmunity and suppresses T cell
What activates Treg cells
TGF-Beta
Intracellular microbes eventually lead to what transcription factors and proteins in T cell to become Th1
T-bet
STAT 1
STAT 4
What will be secreted to active T cell and become a Th1 cell
DC - IL-12
NK cell - IFN-gamma
Helminths eventually lead to activation of what transcription factors and proteins in T cell to become Th2
GATA-3
STAT6
What interleukin leads to Th2
IL-4 via activation of GATA-3 and STAT6
What leads to activation of Th17 cell when APC picks up extracellular fungi, bacteria
IL-1
IL-6
IL-23
TGF-Beta
What transcription factors and protein lead to Th17
RORgammaT
STAT3
Th1 cell activates macrophages by secreting
IFN-gamma
Macrophages can release what cytokines in response to Th1 activation
TNF
IL-1
IL-12
and chemokines
Th2 cells will activate macrophages via
IL-4
IL-13
Th2 will activate B cells via
IL-4
Th2 will activate intestinal mucus secretion and peristalsis via
IL-4
IL-13
Th2 will activate eosinophils via
IL-5
Th17 effect on leukocytes and tissue cells
release of chemokines, TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and CSFs to induce inflammation and neutrophil response
antimicrobial peptides
Th17 effect on epithelial cells
through IL-22 antimicrobial peptides and increased barrier integrity
IL-21 and Th17
provides an autocrine signal for amplification
IL-2 source
Activated T cells
IFN-gamma sources
CD4+ & CD8+ T cells and NK cells
IL-4 sources
CD4+ T cells and mast cells
IL-5 sources
CD4+ T cell, mast cells and innate lymphoid cells
TGF-Beta function
inhibition of T cell activation; differentiation of regulatory T cells
CD95/CD95L
Fas/FasL
S1PR1 / S1P function
increased expression causes the effector T cell to leave the lymph node
IL-7 and IL-15 together make
memory T cells
central memory cells
populate lymphoid organs and responsible for fast clonal expansion after re-exposure to antigen
effector memory cells
localize in mucosal and other peripheral tissues and mediate rapid effector functions on reintroduction of antigen to these specific sites
CD45RA+ & CD25low
Naive T cell
CD45RO+ & CD25hi
Effector T cell
CD45RO+ & CD25lo
Memory T cell
mutation in STAT3 prevents development of
Th17 cells
Lack of mature CD4+ CD25+ Tregs results in
unchecked proliferation of CD4+ effector cells
mutation in IFN-gamma receptor results in
defects in antimicrobial killing by macrophages
M2 macrophages secrete
IL-10 and TGF-beta to inhibit differentiation of Th1 cells and allowing for the healing process to begin