The Cell Cycle, Cell Cycle

Complete separation of the 2 new cells resulting from mitosis.

cytokinesis

A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves a series of steps, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

mitosis

Period of time where a cell carries out cell processes and replicates DNA prior to cell division

interphase

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes

prophase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

metaphase

Sister chromatids separate

anaphase

After the chromosome separates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

telophase

Each half of the chromosome

chromatid

A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information

chromosome

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

centromere

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell; process of growth and division.

cell cycle

interphase stage of cell cycle where cell grows and carries out metabolic processes

G1 phase

interphase stage prepares to divide by copying organelles

G2 phase

interphase stage of cell cycle where cell replicates DNA

S phase

stage of cell cycle where the nucleus divides

Mitosis

Majority of cell cycle is in this stage

Interphase

stop to the cell cycle to check for damage

Checkpoints

Cells skip checkpoints and divide uncontrollably

Cancer

first stage of mitosis, nuclear envelope disappears, chromosomes condense

Prophase

second stage of mitosis, centrioles move to opposite ends of cell, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes, chromosomes line up in middle

Metaphase

third stage of mitosis, spindle fibers shorten pulling chromosomes apart

Anaphase

fourth stage of mitosis, cells begin to form cleavage furrow (animal) or cell plate (plant) and divide

Telophase

final stage of the cell cycle, cells divide and move apart

Cytokinesis

DNA fist condenses and forms chromosomes

Prophase diagram

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.

Metaphase diagram

Sister chromatids get pulled apart

Anaphase diagram

Two nuclei start to re-form, cleavage begins to form.

Telophase diagram

The division of the cytoplasm.

Cytokinesis diagram

Condensed DNA

Chromosome

central part of chromosome, joining the two sister chromatids

Centromere

single copy of DNA strands

Chromatid

organelle the sends out spindle fibers

Centriole

emerge from centrioles, attach to chromosomes to pull them apart during mitosis

Spindle fiber

divides cells that are too large, replaces damaged/dying cells, allows for growth

Purpose of mitosis

a pinching of the cell membrane that begins to form in telophase

Cleavage furrow

tobacco, radiation, UV exposure, etc.

Carcinogens

If a parent cell has 7 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

7

If there are 7 duplicated chromosomes? How many chromatids are there?

14

identical copies of DNA joined together at a centromere to form a duplicated chromosome

sister chromatids

how many pairs of chromosomes in a human cell?

23