Nucleus
In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities
Endoplasmic Reticulum
An organelle that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell
Ribosomes
Small grain shaped organelles found in the cytoplasm of the cell that produces proteins.
Lysosomes
A cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cell
Cell membrane
A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of the cell
Cell Wall
A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
Vacuole
A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials
Chloroplast
An organelle of plant cells and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it into an energy that the cell can use in making food
Mitochondria
Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its function
cell
The basic unit of structure in living things
organism
All living things; Multicellular: many cells; Unicellular: one cell
response to a stimulus
The stimulus is a change in the organism's environment, it then responds/ reacts
homeostasis
The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of balance or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external changes. A simple example of homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain an internal temperature around 98
use energy
To divide/ reproduce/ split
reproduce
Through a division process (either mitosis or meiosis)
hooke
He was an English scientist who made his own microscope and looked at the cells of bark from a dead oak tree
leeuwenhoek
A few years after Hooke looked into the microscope, Dutch businessman (answer) was the first to see living cells through a microscope
cell theory
All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
All cells are produced from other cells
prokaryotic
First cells to evolve
No nucleus
Hereditary information is contained within the cytoplasm
Example: Bacteria
ekaryotic
Evolved from Prokaryotes
Have a nucleus
Hereditary information is contained within the nucleus
Examples: Animals, Fungi, and Plants
tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function
organ
A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a major function
functions of asexual reproduction
growth, repair, reproduce
growth
when your body gets bigger with age/ over time
repair
you cut through a layer of tissue, so the cells fix it by reproducing
reproduce
to make offspring
cell cycle
A series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
interphase
The first phase of the cell cycle that takes place before the division occurs, during which a cell grows and copies its DNA
mitosis
The the second stage of the cell cycle in which the cell's nucleus divides into two nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
prophase
Chromosomes condense into chromatids (rod-like parts) which are held together by a centromere
metaphase
Chromatids line up and attach to the spindle fibers
anaphase
Chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
telephase
2 new nuclei form; chromatid now chromatin (thin threads)
P.M.A.T
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
cytokinesis
Cell membrane pinches inward to create 2 new daughter cells, each with it sown nucleus and identical chromosomes
2 identical daughter cells
Are produced from mitosis; Diploid
4 genetically different daughter cells
Haploid
functions of meiosis
sexual reproduction, genetic variation
sexual reproduction
to create offspring
genetic variation
so as to evolve
Chromatids are held together by
Centromere
# of diploid
46
#of haploid
23