Mitosis and Meiosis Unit

Cell cycle

What is it called when most cells in an organism go through a cycle of growth, development, and division?

DNA

The genetic information in a cell

What happens during the mitotic phase?

The cell reproduces

Sister Chromatids

Two identical strands of DNA that make up the duplicated chromosome.

Centromere

What holds the sister chromatids together.

During interphase what is the DNA called?

Chromatin

Mitosis

The nucleus and its contents divide

Cytokinesis

The cytoplasm and its contents divide

Daughter Cells

The cells resulting from the division of a single cell.

What are two cell division stages of the cell cycle?

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Chromosomes

Structures within the cells that are made up of DNA and contain genes.

Sister Chromatids

Duplicated chromosomes

Prophase

Phase one of mitosis! Nuclear envelope disappears. Centrioles appear and begin to move to opposite ends of cell. spindle fibers form.

Metaphase

The duplicated chromosomes line-up along the center of the cell and each centromere attaches to 2 spindle fibers.

Anaphase

The centromeres divide, Identical chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.

Telophase

Final phase where the spindle fibers start to disappear, chromosomes uncoil and it becomes harder to see them. Each mass of chromosomes develop into its own nuclear membrane to make a new nucleus.

Interphase

The phase of growth and development for the cell. 90% of cell cycle is spent in this phase.

Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction that requires only one parent.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells that do not have DNA within a nucleus but is found in the cell wall (like bacteria)

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that do have DNA in a nucleus.

Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction that require the joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell that comes from two separate parents

Meiosis

The process of cellular division that involves two rounds of cell division and that is specific to sex cells.

Gametes

Sex cells (sperm and egg cells)

Somatic Cell

Any cell in the body that is not a sex cell.

Gene

A specific site on a chromosome that determines physical characteristics (like hair color, eye color, etc)

Cell differentiation

Is when cells become specialized so that different cells can be formed.

Diploid

Cells with 2 sets of chromosomes. Body cells are diploid

Haploid

Cells with only 1 set of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid.

Spindle fiber

Structure forms in prophase along which the chromosomes move.