Cell cycle
What is it called when most cells in an organism go through a cycle of growth, development, and division?
DNA
The genetic information in a cell
What happens during the mitotic phase?
The cell reproduces
Sister Chromatids
Two identical strands of DNA that make up the duplicated chromosome.
Centromere
What holds the sister chromatids together.
During interphase what is the DNA called?
Chromatin
Mitosis
The nucleus and its contents divide
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasm and its contents divide
Daughter Cells
The cells resulting from the division of a single cell.
What are two cell division stages of the cell cycle?
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Chromosomes
Structures within the cells that are made up of DNA and contain genes.
Sister Chromatids
Duplicated chromosomes
Prophase
Phase one of mitosis! Nuclear envelope disappears. Centrioles appear and begin to move to opposite ends of cell. spindle fibers form.
Metaphase
The duplicated chromosomes line-up along the center of the cell and each centromere attaches to 2 spindle fibers.
Anaphase
The centromeres divide, Identical chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase
Final phase where the spindle fibers start to disappear, chromosomes uncoil and it becomes harder to see them. Each mass of chromosomes develop into its own nuclear membrane to make a new nucleus.
Interphase
The phase of growth and development for the cell. 90% of cell cycle is spent in this phase.
Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction that requires only one parent.
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that do not have DNA within a nucleus but is found in the cell wall (like bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells
Cells that do have DNA in a nucleus.
Sexual Reproduction
Reproduction that require the joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell that comes from two separate parents
Meiosis
The process of cellular division that involves two rounds of cell division and that is specific to sex cells.
Gametes
Sex cells (sperm and egg cells)
Somatic Cell
Any cell in the body that is not a sex cell.
Gene
A specific site on a chromosome that determines physical characteristics (like hair color, eye color, etc)
Cell differentiation
Is when cells become specialized so that different cells can be formed.
Diploid
Cells with 2 sets of chromosomes. Body cells are diploid
Haploid
Cells with only 1 set of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid.
Spindle fiber
Structure forms in prophase along which the chromosomes move.