Fertilization
The joining of sperm and egg to form one new cell.
Diploids
Cells that contain 46 chromosomes, or have full pairs of chromosomes (2n).
Haploids
Cells that contain 23 unpaired chromosomes. Half of normal amount (1n).
Mitosis
The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into 2 and one DNA copy is given to each daughter cell.
Meiosis
A process that occurs in sex cell formation with sperm and egg by which the chromosome number is reduced by half. In haploid cells.
Gamete Cells
Sex cells. Contain half of usual chromosome number. One for each pair. Found only in reproductive organs.
Genes
Sets of info that control a trait; a part of DNA on chromosomes that code traits.
Alleles
Different forms of genes.
Dominant Alleles
Alleles that always show up in an organism when present.
Homozygous Genotypes
Two identical alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous Genotypes
Genotypes that have two different alleles for a trait.
Recessive Alleles
Alleles that are masked when a dominant allele is present.
Genotype
An organism's genetic makeup of allele combinations.
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance or visible traits.
Incomplete Dominance
A mixing or blending of two alleles.
Codominance
When 2 dominant alleles are expressed.
Interphase
The cell grows and replicates DNA and prepares for mitosis.
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and nuclear membrane disappears.
Metaphase
Chromosome line up in the middle of the cell.
Anaphase
Chromosomes split and are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase
New nuclear envelope forms and chromosomes unwind into chromatin.
Cytokinesis
Cell cytoplasm divides and creates 2 new cells.
Diploid body cells
What cells are in Mitosis?
Haploid sex cells
What cells are in Meiosis?
2n
Diploid
1n
Haploid
1
How many times is DNA replicated in Mitosis?
1
How many times is DNA replicated in Meiosis?
1
How many cell divisions are there in Mitosis?
Every
In Mitosis, chromosomes are copied before _________ cell division.
First
In Meiosis, chromosomes are copied before _________ cell division.
2
How many daughter cells come out of Mitosis?
4
How many daughter cells come out of Meiosis?
46
In Mitosis, how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?
23
In Meiosis, how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?
Growth, Development, and Repair
What is Mitosis necessary for?
Reproduction
What is Meiosis necessary for?
2
Gregor Mendel said there are ______ factors for every trait that are passed from parents to offspring.
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel is known as the __________________ for his experiments with pea plants.
1
Gregor Mendel found that offspring inherit ________ factor from each parent for every trait.
Dominant, Recessive
Gregor Mendel found that there are factors that mask others in offspring - ___________ v.s. ____________.