What is normal Vd/Vt ?
20% - 40% (Normal= 30%)
What does Vd/Vt represent?
Deadspace to tidal volume ratio.
What is normal V? (alveolar ventilation)
4 - 6 L/min
What is normal Q? (Perfusion/ Pulmonary blood flow)
4 - 6 L/min
what is normal V/Q?
0.8 - 1.2
What is a high V/Q mismatch?
Lots of Ventilation. Less Perfusion. There is alot more O2 to saturate, but less area of RBCs.
What is a low V/Q mismatch?
Lots of Perfusion. Less Ventilation. Ventilation not able to saturate area of perfusion. Larger area of RBCs.
What are common causes of V/Q mismatch? (hypoxemia)
-Pneumonia -Pulmonary Embolism
-COPD
What is the CaO2 equation?
(PaO2 x 0.003) + (SaO2 x 1.34 x Hgb)
What is the normal range for CaO2 ?
17% - 20%
What does CaO2 represent?
This is the transporting of arterial oxygen content.
What is the CvO2 equation?
(PvO2 x 0.003) + (SvO2 x 1.34 x Hgb)
What is the range for normal CvO2?
13% - 16%
What does CvO2 represent?
Venous oxygen content
What is the C(a-v)O2 equation?
CaO2 = (PaO2 x 0.003) + (SaO2 x 1.34 x Hgb)
MINUS
CvO2 = (PvO2 x 0.003) + (SvO2 x 1.34 x Hgb)
What is normal C(a-v)O2?
3% - 5.5%
What does C(a-v)O2 represent?
Oxygen arterial-venous difference.
What is normal C.O. ?
4 -8 L/min
What is normal QI? (Cardiac Index)
2.5 - 4 L/min/m2
What is the calculation for pulse pressure?
Systolic - Diastolic
Example:
120/80 = (120 - 80)= 40mmhg
What is normal Pulse pressure?
40 mmhg
What is the stroke volume calculation?
C.O. x 1000 / HR
Example:
C.O.=3.5 L/M
HR= 75 bpm
(3.5 x 1000 / 75) = 46.66
What is nomal Stroke volume?
50 -120 mL
What does is stroke volume represent?
The volume of blood ejected by the heart.
How do solve for HR, if C.O. and SV is given?
C.O. / SV = HR
How do you solve for C.O. if HR and SV is given?
HR x SV = C.O.
What is the calculation for PVR ?
MPAP - PCWP / C.O. x 80
What is normal PVR?
20-200 dynes/sec/cm-5
What does PVR represent?
Pulmonary vascular resistance
What is the calculation for SVR?
MAP - CVP / C.O. x 80
What is normal SVR?
770 - 1500 dynes/sec/cm-5
What does SVR represent?
Systemic vascular resistance
What is the normal range for CVP?
2 - 6 mmHg
What is the normal range for PAP?
25/10
What is the normal range for PCWP and what is it a "picture" of?
4 -12 mmHg and it represents a good picture of the left side of the heart.
What is the normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
120 / 80
What is normal MAP?
80 - 120
What is the calculation for VO2 ?
C.O. x C(a-v)O2 x 10 L/min
What is the normal VO2?
220 - 290 mL/min
What is normal PvO2?
40 mmHg
Which port do you get PvO2 blood from?
PAP port
What is normal SvO2?
75%
What is needed to obtain a continuous SvO2?
Swans-Ganz catheter.
What is normal Qs/Qt ?
1% - 2% with 5% - 10% of blood not being oxygenated.
What does Qs/Qt represent?
How much shunt is in the intrapulmonary system.
Qs = cardiac shunt (how much shunt)
Qt = cardiac output (per CO)
What does shunting mean?
This is the percent of cardiac output that does not come in contact with alveolar air and therefore cannot become oxygenated. (identical to mixed venous blood)
What are the ranges for the Glasgow coma scale?
13 - 15 = Normal
9 -13= Significant injury w/ decreased LOC (ICU)
<8 = Drilling a catheter
What is normal BUN?
7 - 20 mg/dl
What is normal Creatnine?
0.7 - 1.3 mg/dl
What is normal Serum Albumin?
> 2.2 g/dl
What is normal MAP?
80 - 120 mmHg