Which of the following is not a general purpose of performing pulmonary function tests (PFTs)?
The specific diagnosis of pulmonary disease
Which of the following is not a parameter that has been studied to establish normal values for PFTs?
weight
Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on lung size and predicted PFT values?
height
Which of the following is the primary instrument used in performing PFTs?
spirometer
Which of the following associations' standards should be met before PFT equipment is purchased and used?
The American Thoracic Society
Which of the following is not standard equipment in a pulmonary function laboratory?
O2 source
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing is known as the:
tidal volume
Which of the following is the most common cause of erroneous forced vital capacity (FVC) test results?
suboptimal coaching
What may cause the FVC to decrease in a patient with a restrictive lung disorder?
a decrease in lung size
Which of the following may decrease the FVC in a patient with an obstructive lung disorder?
an increase in residual volume
The presence of an FVC that is significantly smaller than the slow vital capacity (SVC) is consistent with:
airtrapping
Which level of vital capacity (VC) is associated with an increased risk of postoperative respiratory complications?
<20mL/kg
Which level of VC is associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure?
<15mL/kg
The total lung capacity (TLC) is a function of all of the following except:
birth weight
The body plethysmograph uses which of the following gas laws?
Boyles law
In which of the following diseases will the open-circuit nitrogen washout method tend to underestimate the total lung volume?
emphysema
The closed-system helium dilution method is used to measure:
FRC
The ERV is limited in clinical usefulness. It may be reduced in all of the following cases except:
obstructive disorders
A loss of elasticity of the lung tissue will cause the FRC to:
increase
How would the inspiratory reserve volume and the inspiratory reserve capacity be described in a patient with a mild to moderate restrictive disorder?
normal
The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) usually is expressed as a percentage of the observed:
FVC
The normal FEV1 to FVC ratio is approximately:
75%
The FEV3 measurement is an indicator of flow in which airways?
small
The normal FEV3 to FVC ratio is approximately:
95%
Which of the following tests is more sensitive than the FEV1 in detecting airway obstruction?
FEF25% to 75%
The maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) test usually is performed over a period of:
12-15 seconds
The MVV reflects all of the following except:
condition of lung tissue
Which of the following tests is often used preoperatively to evaluate whether the patient may have postoperative complications?
MVV test
To determine whether there is a positive response to bronchodilator therapy, improvement must be seen in all of the following values except:
FEF75% to 85%
The DLCO is a test that is used to measure the:
ability of a gas to move across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Which of the following conditions is not a determinant of gas exchange across the membrane?
amount of O2 in the blood
Which of the following diseases is not associated with a reduced DLCO?
chronic bronchitis
The concentration of carbon monoxide used in a DLCO study is approximately:
0.4%
The reason why carbon monoxide is used in DLCO studies instead of oxygen is because carbon monoxide is:
diffusion limited and not perfusion limited.
In a patient with an exacerbation of asthma, airway resistance will be:
increased
What will happen to the static lung compliance of a postoperative heart patient with left lower lobe atelectasis?
it will be less than normal
Which of the following tests would be used to determine whether there is gross misdistribution of ventilation in the lungs of a patient given a diagnosis of emphysema?
nitrogen washout
The closing-volume (CV) test is used for early diagnosis of obstruction of airways of which of the following sizes?
small
Which of the following tests is not considered for exercise testing?
DLCO
Which of the following tests would be used to determine at what point oxygen demand exceeds oxygen consumption during hard exercise?
anaerobic threshold
Which of the following tests would be used to determine at what point oxygen consumption reaches its peak?
VO2 max
Which of the following medications is used most commonly during bronchoprovocation testing?
methacholine
When bronchoprovocation testing is used, the FEV1 needs to decrease by what percentage before a diagnosis of hyperactive airways is made?
20%
Obstructive lung disorders are characterized by a reduction in:
expiratory flows
Which of the following is not a general purpose of performing pulmonary function tests (PFTs)?
The specific diagnosis of pulmonary disease
Which of the following is not a parameter that has been studied to establish normal values for PFTs?
weight
Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on lung size and predicted PFT values?
height
Which of the following is the primary instrument used in performing PFTs?
spirometer
Which of the following associations' standards should be met before PFT equipment is purchased and used?
The American Thoracic Society
Which of the following is not standard equipment in a pulmonary function laboratory?
O2 source
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing is known as the:
tidal volume
Which of the following is the most common cause of erroneous forced vital capacity (FVC) test results?
suboptimal coaching
What may cause the FVC to decrease in a patient with a restrictive lung disorder?
a decrease in lung size
Which of the following may decrease the FVC in a patient with an obstructive lung disorder?
an increase in residual volume
The presence of an FVC that is significantly smaller than the slow vital capacity (SVC) is consistent with:
airtrapping
Which level of vital capacity (VC) is associated with an increased risk of postoperative respiratory complications?
<20mL/kg
Which level of VC is associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure?
<15mL/kg
The total lung capacity (TLC) is a function of all of the following except:
birth weight
The body plethysmograph uses which of the following gas laws?
Boyles law
In which of the following diseases will the open-circuit nitrogen washout method tend to underestimate the total lung volume?
emphysema
The closed-system helium dilution method is used to measure:
FRC
The ERV is limited in clinical usefulness. It may be reduced in all of the following cases except:
obstructive disorders
A loss of elasticity of the lung tissue will cause the FRC to:
increase
How would the inspiratory reserve volume and the inspiratory reserve capacity be described in a patient with a mild to moderate restrictive disorder?
normal
The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) usually is expressed as a percentage of the observed:
FVC
The normal FEV1 to FVC ratio is approximately:
75%
The FEV3 measurement is an indicator of flow in which airways?
small
The normal FEV3 to FVC ratio is approximately:
95%
Which of the following tests is more sensitive than the FEV1 in detecting airway obstruction?
FEF25% to 75%
The maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) test usually is performed over a period of:
12-15 seconds
The MVV reflects all of the following except:
condition of lung tissue
Which of the following tests is often used preoperatively to evaluate whether the patient may have postoperative complications?
MVV test
To determine whether there is a positive response to bronchodilator therapy, improvement must be seen in all of the following values except:
FEF75% to 85%
The DLCO is a test that is used to measure the:
ability of a gas to move across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Which of the following conditions is not a determinant of gas exchange across the membrane?
amount of O2 in the blood
Which of the following diseases is not associated with a reduced DLCO?
chronic bronchitis
The concentration of carbon monoxide used in a DLCO study is approximately:
0.40%
The reason why carbon monoxide is used in DLCO studies instead of oxygen is because carbon monoxide is:
diffusion limited and not perfusion limited.
In a patient with an exacerbation of asthma, airway resistance will be:
increased
What will happen to the static lung compliance of a postoperative heart patient with left lower lobe atelectasis?
it will be less than normal
Which of the following tests would be used to determine whether there is gross misdistribution of ventilation in the lungs of a patient given a diagnosis of emphysema?
nitrogen washout
The closing-volume (CV) test is used for early diagnosis of obstruction of airways of which of the following sizes?
small
Which of the following tests is not considered for exercise testing?
DLCO
Which of the following tests would be used to determine at what point oxygen demand exceeds oxygen consumption during hard exercise?
anaerobic threshold
Which of the following tests would be used to determine at what point oxygen consumption reaches its peak?
VO2 max
Which of the following medications is used most commonly during bronchoprovocation testing?
methacholine
When bronchoprovocation testing is used, the FEV1 needs to decrease by what percentage before a diagnosis of hyperactive airways is made?
20%
Obstructive lung disorders are characterized by a reduction in:
expiratory flows