William MacEwen successfully applied first endotracheal tube to patient when?
1980
laryngoscope introduced when?
1913
first suction catheter described when?
1941
low pressure cuffs for endotracheal tubes introduced when?
1970s
measurement of lung's residual volume first performed when?
1800
first water-sealed spirometer developed by John Hutchinson when?
1846
rapid arterial blood gas (ABG) becomes available when?
1967
polysomnography becomes routine when?
1980s
ITA to AARC progression
ITA > AAIT > AART > AARC
ITA founded when?
1941
AART became AARC when?
1982
state licensure for RTs begins when?
1980
Who sets minimum educational requirements and determine competence to practice?
state licensing laws
who sets required amount of CEU's required to keep license to practice?
state licensing boards
AARC monthly science journal name
AARC Times
How many specialty sections in AARC?
10
When did AARC, NBRC & CoARC formally express support for all RT's to seek and obtain RRT credential?
2002
when was first formal RT program offered and where?
1950, Chicago
programs multiply and become hospital based when?
1960s
minimum educational requirement to practice RC?
Associates degree
When did the AARC formally encourage development of baccalaureate and graduate ed in RC?
2003
What population will increase demand for RC services and RTs?
baby boomers
why will baby boomers need RC?
as they age, more will have asthma, COPD and other cardiopulmonary diseases
What will RTs of the future focus more on? (6)
-prevention
-protocol administration
-care plan development
-disease management and rehabilitation
-family and patient education
-tobacco cessation counseling
Who described what RTs of the future will focus more on?
David Pierson
Aim of "2015 and beyond
answer 5 questions about future of profession
5 questions about future of profession according to "2015 and beyond
1) How will patients receive health care services?
2) How will respiratory care services be provided?
3) What knowledge, skills, and attributes are needed by RTs?
4) What education and credentialing systems are necessary?
5) How can the profession transit
7 major competencies need by RTs by 2015
1) diagostics
2) chronic disease state management
3) evidence based medicine and RC protocols
4) patient assessment
5) leadership
6) emergency and critical care
7) therapeutics
respiratory care (respiratory therapy)
health care discipline that specializes in the promotion of optimal cardiopulmonary function and health
RT role in health care
prevent, identify, and treat acute or chronic dysfunction of the cardiopulmonary system
RT areas of employment (6)
hospitals (75%), clinics, physicians' offices, skilled nursing facilities, cardiopulmonary diagnostic labs, public schools
AARC
American Association of Respiratory Care
AARC mission statement
to encourage and promote professional excellence, advance the science and practice of respiratory care, and serve as an advocate for patients, their families, the public, the profession and the respiratory therapist
NBRC
National Board for Respiratory Care
NBRC role in respiratory care
credentialing body for respiratory therapists (certification and registry exam)
Name 2 types of RCP credentials
RRT: registered respiratory therapist (advanced level)
CRT: certified respiratory therapist (entry level)
body that oversees accreditation of RC programs
CoARC
CoARC
Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care
What were the first respiratory therapists called?
Inhalation therapists
What was the AARC first called?
ITA (Inhalation Therapy Association)
In what ways can an RT function as a PA or physician extender?
applying protocols or guidelines, ventilator adjustments, arterial line insertion and management, intubation, extubation, etc.. Various things that RTs are trained for can minimize cost and unnecessary care where an MD or PA would otherwise be needed
Who is David Pierson?
prominent pulmonary physician
known as the "father of medicine
Hippocrates
Greek physician living during the 5th and 4th centuries BC
Hippocrates
four essential fluids (Hippocratic medicine)
phlegm, blood, yellow bile, black bile
believed air contained essential substance distributed to body via heart
Hippocrates
physicians are to follow certain ethical principles called this
Hippocratic oath
first great biologist
Aristotle
Developed pneumatic theory of respiration in Egypt
Erasistratus
Anatomist who believed air had a substance vital to life
Galen
Determined sub-atmospheric pressures inflated lungs
Leonardo da Vinci
performed human dissections and experimented with resuscitation
Andreas Vesalius
described properties of CO2
Joseph Black
describes his discovery of oxygen: "dephlogisticated air
Joseph Priestley
describes relationship between gas temperature and volume
Jacques Charles ("Charles Law")
uses oxygen to treat various condition at Pneumatic Institute
Thomas Beddoes
describes his law of partial pressures
John Dalton
describes relationship between gas, temperature and pressure
Gay-Lussac
describes law of diffusion for gases
Thomas Graham ("Graham's Law")
advances his "germ theory" and suggests that some diseases were result of microorganisms
Louis Pasteur
discovers x-ray and opens door for modern field of radiology
William Roentgen
technicians hauled O2 cylinders and apply 02 delivery devices (when?)
1940s
positive-pressure breathing devices applied to patients (when?)
1950s
formal education programs for inhalation therapists begins (when?)
1960s
ABG
arterial blood gas
designation "respiratory therapist" becomes standard (when?)
1974
globalization of respiratory care
practice of RC originally in US and Canada now expands globally
Respiratory Care Week established nationally to promote profession and importance of good lung health
1980
Development of sophisticated mechanical ventilators expand role of RT (when?)
1960s
Karl von Linde
large-scale production of 02 developed by
oxygen tents first used oxygen tents first used (when?)
1910
O2 masks first used (when?)
1918
O2 therapy widely prescibed (when?)
1940s
Clark electrode first developed (when?)
1960s
allows measurement of arterial PO2
Clark electrode
Ear oximeter invented (when?)
1974
Pulse oximeter invented (when?)
1980s
Venti mask to deliver specific FIO2 introduced (when?)
1960
delivers specific FIO2
Venti mask
portable liquid O2 systems for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in home introduced (when?)
1970s
further advances in home oxygen therapy equipment occurred when?
21st century
aerosolized epinephrine introduced as treatment for asthma (when?)
1910
Isoproterenol and Isoetharine introduced as bronchodilaors (when?)
1940s-1950s (1940 and 1951 respectively)
Aerosolized steroids first used to treat acute asthma (when?)
1971
Levalbuterol (Xopenex) introduced (when?)
2000
DPI
dry powder inhalers
SVN
small volume nebulizer
Iron lung introduced by Philip Drinker (when?)
1928
Philip Drinker
inventor of Iron lung
Jack Emersons develops improved version of iron lung used for polio victims (when?)
1940s-1950s
Negative-pressure "wrap" ventilator introduced
1950s
When was positive-pressure ventilation used originally?
during anesthesia
first microprocessor-controlled ventilators developed when?
1980s
Bennett 7200
first microprocessor-controlled ventilator
due to the use of endotracheal tube, mechanical ventilation increases what?
risk for VAP
VAP
ventilator-associated pneumonia
prevents risk of VAP
non-invasive ventilation