NA (Sodium )
135 -145
K (Potassium)
3.5 - 4.5
Cl (Chloride)
85 - 100
RBC
5
Hb (Hemoglobin)
15
Hematocrit
45%
Vd/Vt
20-40%
CaO2
17-20%
CvO2
12-16%
C(a-v)O2
4-5%
Qs/Qt
5% normal
10-20% tolerable
20-30% life threatening
CVP
2-6 mmhg (4-12 cm H20)
PAP
25/8 mmhg (mean 14)
PCWP (Wedge=Left)
4-12 mmHg
CO
4-8 L/min
CI
2.5-4 L/min/m2
Unacceptable Vt
<5ml/kg
Unacceptable VC
<10ml/kg or (<2 x Vt)
Unacceptable RR
< 8 breaths or >20 breaths
Unacceptable Ve
>10 L/min
Unacceptable MIP (maximum inspiratory pressure
< - 20cmh20
Duration of flow for a liquid O2 system (formula)
344 (factor) x liquid wt (lbs)
80/20 heliox mixture: multiply flowmeter reading by
1.8
70/30 heliox mixyure:multiply flowmeter reading by
1.6
Absolute humidity is the amount of wtr in a given volume of gas, What is the fomula
RH = Absolute humidity/Capacity x 100
RAC = Real Active Children
Calculating Body Humidity (BH)
BH = Absolute Humidity/44mg/L x 100
BHA4 =
Calculating Humidity Deficit (HD)
HD = 44mg/L - absolute humidity
expressed as a percentage %= Humidity Deficit/44 mg/L
Calculating Alveolar PO2
PAO2 = (7 x FIO2) - (PaCO2 + 10)
Calculating P(A-a)O2
PAO2 - PaO2
Dynamic Compliance (air movement)
Exhaled volume/ PIP - PEEP
Static Compliance (no air movement)
Exhaled volume/Plateau - PEEP
VD/VT =
PaCo2 -PECO2/ PaCO2 x 100
SVR formula
(MAP - CVP/Cardiac Output
Convert to Dynes multiply by 80
PVR formula
(MPAP - PWP/Cardiac Output
convert to Dynes multiply by 80
Calculating ventilator tubing compliance (formula)
Tidal Volume/PIP
Calculating inspiratory flow rate
Tidal volume/inspiratory time
calculating I:E ratio
Inspiratory flow rate/Minute volume (Ve)
calculating Inspiratory Time
Total cycle Time/Sum of I:E ration parts
Calculating VD/VT ratio
PaCO2 - PECO2/PaCO2
Calculating airway resistance (Raw)
(PIP - Plateau pressure/Flow rate
Calculating desired ventilator rate
Rate(current setting) x PaCO2 (current value)/PaCO2 (desired value)
For Calibrating gases (For PCO2)
5% is commonly used for low value(balance) and 10% for the high (slope)
For calibrating gases (for PO20
0% for low and 12 or 20% for the high
PCO2 electrode
Severinghaus
PO2 electrode
Clark
Ph electrode
Sanz
Levey - Jennings Charts
"In Control
all the values are within 2 standard deviations of the mean
Levey - Jennings Chart
"Random Error
only 1 point falls outside the + or - standard deviation range
The A - a gradient
25-65 mm Hg on 100%
normal value
Treatment - None
The A - a gradient
66 - 300mm Hg
V/Q mismatch
Treatment -Give to 60% FIO2 only
The A - a gradient
>300
Shunting
Treatment - PEEP