A clean configured aircraft includes what?
Fixed provisions for ESSS
Main and T/R De-ice system
Mounting brackets for IR Jammer/chaff dispenser
HIRSS with baffles installed
WSPS
What is the definition of Engine Torque Factor (ETF)?
Ratio of individual torque available to specification torque at reference temperature of 35 degrees C
What is the allowable range for the Aircraft Torque Factor (ATF)?
0.90-1.0
With engine anti-ice on, the maximum available torque is reduced by how much? What if the cockpit heater is turned on?
Engine anti-ice on = 16%
Cockpit heater = 4%
At a hover, a 3-5 kt crosswind or tailwind may increase torque required up to _____% over zero-wind values.
4%
In accordance with AR 95-1, what are the Army VFR weather miniums for Class D airspace?
3 SM, 500/1000/2000
Aircraft engaged in over-water flights will adhere to what requirements in accordance with AR 95-1?
Life preservers must be worn if beyond gliding distance of land
Life rafts sufficient for all personnel on board required during flights >30 min or 100 miles from shore
Anti-exposure suits will be worn over water temp <60 degrees F
Risk assessment
The UH-60 helicopter is classified as Class 1 or Class 2 in accordance with TM 1-1520-237-10. In accordance to AR 95-1, what is the definition of this class for the UH-60?
Class 2; Weight/CG limits can be readily exceeded, and high degree of loading control needed
What are the three types of drag?
Parasite, Profile, Induced
Define parasite drag
non-lifting portions of the aircraft
Define profile drag
frictional resistance of the rotor blades passing through the air
Induced Drag
Results from the production of lift (higher AOA produces more induced drag). Induced drag decreases with airspeed.
What publication contains instructions for manual computation of the PPC?
TC 1-237 (ATM)
What are the four sections of the T-700 Engine?
Cold section, hot section, Power Turbine, Accessory Section
What are the four basic subsystems of AFCS?
SAS, Trim, FPS, Stabilator
Can the landing light be turned on using battery power? The aircraft landing light is rated at what wattage? What side of the aircraft is it on? When it is extended, how much ground clearance is there?
No (it's on DC Primary bus); 600W; Left side (beneath nose section); Less than 1 ft
Where is the power turbine speed sensor located?
On the left side of the engine exhaust frame
What is the caution associated with the term Lockout according to the operator's manual?
When engine is controlled with ENG PWR CONT lever in Lockout, engine response is much faster and TGT limiting system is inoperative. Care must be taken not to exceed TGT limits and keeping % RPM R and % RPM 1 and 2 in operating range
What PPC values are computed using current at time of departure PA and FAT?
Go/No Go Torque and Predicted Hover Torque
What five factors must be utilized to compute zero fuel weight?
PA, FAT, hover height, hover torque, fuel weight
When would the max hover height indicate a numerical value rather than "OGE?" Why?
When there is not enough power available to hover OGE.
Which maneuvers require OGE power?
(FRESH Cold Water)
Sling loads
Water buckets
Fast rope insertion.extraction
Rappelling
Special patrol infiltration/exfiltration system ops
Rescue hoist ops
Caving ladder ops
What is the Max angle on the PPC?
The angle of bank at which, if exceeded, could get you into blade stall (MAX is still 60 degrees, Ch 5 limit)
What is the Vne-IAS value represent?
A structural limit and avoidance of the likelihood of encountering compressability or reatreating blade stall
What does the max range airspeed represent?
The speed at which the aircraft can travel the furthest distance (max fuel economy)
How much is airspeed adjusted (for max range) for wind conditions?
Adjust airspeed by 2.5 KIAS per 10 knots of headwind/tailwind (increase for headwind/decrease for tailwind)
What does the continuous torque available adjusted for?
Anti-ice/heater use
How should the cruise fuel flow be adjusted for heater/anti-ice usage?
Heater-add 20 lbs/hr
Anti-ice-add 60 lbs/hr
What does the maximum endurance airspeed/torque represent?
Airspeed and torque value that will yield the greatest station time
What is the critical torque, and how is it applied?
Dual engine torque value that, if exceeded, may not allow the aircraft to maintain %RPM R at the same aircraft setting if an engine is lost
What is the optimum IAS at max allowable gross weight?
The maximum airspeed to be flown in straight and level flight at maximum gross weight
When must the arrival section of the PPC be calculated?
If there is an increase of 5 degrees C or 1000 ft PA
When must a new PPC be calculated?
If there is an increase of 5 degrees C, 1000 ft PA, or 500 lbs
When should tabular data be used to compute in-flight updates?
When operating within 3000 lbs of aircraft's max GW (OGE) and increase of 1000 ft PA and/or 5 degrees C from planned PPC
What does the #1 Hydraulic system pressurize?
#1 Pri servos, #1 T/R Servo
What does the #2 hydraulic system pressurize?
Pilot assist area, #2 primary servos
What does the backup pump pressurize that the #1 or #2 hydraulic system cannot?
#2 T/R servo, APU accumulator
If there was a leak in the APU accumulator, what conditions must be met for the leak to be isolated?
Leak must be greater than 1.5 gpm; will be isolated by the velocity fuse
What are the paramaters for calculating a PPC by hand?
Torque values +/- 2%
Weight values +/- 500 lbs
Fuel flow +/- 100 lbs/hr
Airspeeds +/- 5 knots
What are the minimum parking requirements for the UH-60?
Gust lock engaged
Wheel brakes set
Tailwheel locked
Wheels chocked
How long after engine shutdown should you wait before checking engine oil level?
20 minutes
When must engine sight glass be at the full line before flight?
If flight is anticipated to be 6 hours or more
When exceeded, what hydraulic pump temperature requires an entry on DA 2408-13-1?
132 degrees C
When checking the transmission oil level, which side of the dipstick should be used?
If less than 1/2 hr after shutdown, use 'hot'
If more than 2 hours after shutdown, use 'cold'
What are the 5 principles of CRM?
Implement the process into all phases of missions and operations
Make risk decisions at the appropriate level
Accept no unnecessary risk
Apply the process cyclically and continuously
Do not be risk adverse
What is CRM?
The Army's primary decision-making process for identifying hazards and controlling risks across the full spectrum of Army missions, functions, operations, and activities
What is the purpose of the three boost servos, and how are they turned on and off?
Provide a mechanical advantage; turned on/off by turning boost on/off
What does electronic coupling do?
Helps compensate for the torque effect based on collective inputs and airspeed signals
Is it possible to mechanically isolate the #1 and #2 primary servos simultaneously using the collective SVO OFF switches?
No-electrical interlock
What are the 5 steps of CRM?
Identify hazards
Assess hazards
Develop Controls/make risk decision
Implement Controls
Supervise and Evaluate
What drives the #1 hydraulic pump, and what does it supply power to?
The Left Accessory Module; supplies power to the #1 T/R Servo and 1st Stage Primary Servos
What drives the backup hydraulic pump and what does it supply hydraulic pressure to?
115 VAC electric motor; supplies pressure to #2 T/R Servo, APU Accumulator, and #1 or #2 hydraulic systems in the event of pressure loss in either system
What cautions/advisories should appear during the Hydraulic Leak Check?
Boost Off, SAS off, #1 T/R Servo, All three RES LOWs, 2 master cautions, backup pump on advisory, #2 T/R Servo advisory
When moving the Hyd Leak Test switch to NORM after reset, may any other hydraulic system cautions momentarily appear?
#1 and #2 pri servo cautions, #1 and #2 hyd pump cautions
What caution is associated with the Backup hydraulic system?
Whenever the No. 1 AC generator is inoperative (failed or not online) and the back-up pump power circuit breaker is out for any reason, AC electrical power must be shut off before resetting backup pump power circuit breaker. Otherwise, it is possible to d
What circuit breaker panel is the backup pump located on?
#1 DC Primary Bus
What is the purpose of the backup pumps depressurizing valve?
Reduces the pressure in the pump to 700 psi while the 115 VAC motor starts (reduces current demand during start)
What occurs if the hydraulic leak test switch is inadvertently activiated in flight? What should be done?
The backup RES LOW caution appears (but the backup pump doesn't turn on). After resetting the hydraulic leak test switch, cycle the backup pump switch to extinguish the caution
On the ground with the BACKUP HYD PUMP switch in AUTO, which cautions and/or advisories will cause the backup pump to operate? With the switch in OFF?
#1 T/R SERVO, #1 HYD PUMP, #1 RES LOW, #2 Hyd PUMP, APU ACCUM LOW; (in off): APU ACCUM LOW
What is the caution associated with landing?
During roll-on landing, aerodynamic braking with aft cyclic is permitted with the tail wheel contacting the gorund. Once the main wheels touch down, the cyclic must be centered prior to reducing the collective. Excessive aft cyclic may cause droop stop po
What is the note associated with landing?
Because of the flat profile of the main transmission, pitching the helicopter nose up as in a hover, may cause a transient drop in main transmission oil pressure, depending on the degree of nose-up attitude
Which systems must be operating to use FPS?
SAS 1 and 2, Trim, Boost (preferred to have Stab in auto mode)
Which aircraft system has the ability to move the cyclic and pedals?
Trim
What is the WARNING associated with before takeoff?
Pitot heat and anti-ice shall be on during operations in visible moisture with ambient air temperature of 4 degrees C and below. Failure to turn pitot heat on in icing conditions can cause the stabilator to program trailing edge down in flight. If this oc
What is the WARNING associated with 'takeoff?'
If the stabilator has not begun trailing edge up movement by 30-50 KIAS and manual control is not available, do not exceed placard KIAS limits or longitudinal control may be lost.
When is it acceptable to press 'Auto Control Reset' twice?
When slewing the STAB on battery power you may press it twice after slewing the stab full down. Otherwise, when only one actuator is slewed, it will cause a lg mismatch between actuators, which is detected by fault monitoring and shuts down auto mode upon
If an approach is made with the stabilator fixed 0 degrees, the pitch attitude may be how much higher/lower than normal in the 20 to 40 KIAS range?
4-5 degrees nose high
During a loss of tail rotor thrust or fixed pitch situation, what wind condition may aid in maintaining heading control for landing?
Headwind or crosswind opposite the yaw
During all fixed pitch situations, the nose of the aircraft will turn (left/right) when power or airspeed is increased/decreased?
Right when power is increased, Left when power is decreased
How long may the Main mod, Intermediate Gearbox, and Tail Rotor Gearbox run without oil?
30 minutes
The main generators are located on which gearbox/module, and how are they cooled?
Located on accessory modules, and cooled by main transmission oil
When first placing the BATT switch on, which CHIP cautions should appear, and for holw long? A caution that does not appear indicates what?
Whatever chip detectors are installed (up to 7). Failure for a caution to not appear indicates a failed test on that chip detector unit
What is fuzz burn capability?
Fuzz burn burns off small metal particles and is deactivated when oil temperature reaches 140 degrees C.
How many bleed air ports are there, and what do they supply bleed air to?
2 bleed air ports; outboard supplies bleed air to engine air inlet anti-ice system; inboard ties into pressurized air system, supplying air to cabin heating system and to other engine for crossbleed starts
How would a dual DC converter failure affect the engine anti-ice inlet anti-ice systems? How would it affect max torque available and fuel flow?
Bleed valve will malfunction in the "open" postion. Both engines will lose up to 16% torque from max available, and fuel flow will increase roughly 60 lbs/hr
How does the use of the cockpit heater affect maximum torque available and fuel flow?
Decreases MTA by 4%; Increases fuel flow by 20 lbs/hr
With both engines operating at 100% RPM R and the engine anti-ice switches off, when would the #1 and #2 ENG ANTI-ICE ON advisories appear?
When engine is 88-92% Ng it 'may' appear
Below 88% Ng, it 'will' appear
Above 92% Ng, it 'shall not' appear with ENG ANTI-ICE switch OFF
What are the three refueling ports, and what is their max pressure?
Gravity; Pressure 55 psi; Closed circuit 15 psi
Which fuel pump is activated when the engine starter is operating?
Prime boost pump
Why is the engine-driven boost pump a suction pump?
In the event it fails, it will not spray fuel everywhere
What does the appearance of the #1 or #2 FULE PRESS cautions at IDLE speed or above indicate?
Fuel pressure has dropped below 9 psi
What are the functions of the GCU?
Voltage regulation (primary)
Undervoltage protection
Overvoltage protection
Underfrequency protection
Feeder fault
What action is required if the GEN BRG caution appears?
if it remains on for more than 1 minute, an entry on DA form 2408-13-1 is required. There is 10 hours of operation remaining before the bearing is gone
With only the battery switch ON, which busses are powered?
BATT UTIL BUS, BATT BUS, DC ESS BUS
What should be done if the APU generator fails during shutdown prior to retarding the Power Control Levers?
Connect external power or shutdown the #2 engine completely while the #1 engine is still at fly so fire-fighting capability is still available on the number 2 engine.
What is droop stop pounding?
A phenomenon that can occur when there is excessive downward blade travel causing the blades to strike the droop stops when they are in the fly position
Can be caused by:
-Excessive aft cyclic while lowering the collective and all wheels on the ground
Mos
If the -150 APU fails due to low oil pressure, what should be checked and what will it indicate?
BITE indications, however the oil level should be checked. If it is low, it could indicate a leak in the system
What occurs when the APU T-handle is pulled?
Turns off fuel to APU, sends a stop signal to the ESU, Arms the fire extinguishing module and sets directional control valve to the APU
Why should the windshield wipers not be operated on a dry windshield?
To prevent damage to the windshield
Why should the wipers be parked if they slow noticably?
The motor could fail
What is the purpose of the OAT sensor?
Provides a signal to controller for heating element on time of rotor blades
What does the Ice Rate Meter do?
Processes a change in frequency of the ice detector, providing a visual display of icing intensity in the cockpit.
What is the purpose of the main rotor BIM?
Blade Inspection Method: gives a visual indication of degraded structural integrity of the blade
What is the purpose of main rotor dampers?
Restrain hunting (leading/lagging) of blades during rotation and absorb rotor head starting loads
Can an engine be started with the gust lock engaged, and if so, why would it be done and who would do it?
Can be done by designated maintenance personnel only, only one engine at idle for the purpose of maintenance checks independent of blade rotation
The tail rotor is canted upward or downward how many degrees and provides what two functions?
Upward 20 degrees; provides directional control, anti-torque, and approximately 2.5% total lifting force at a hover
Define total aerodynamic force (TAF)
The differential force on the airfoil combined with air resistance (acts on the center of pressure; normally inclined and to the rear). Resultant of the lift and drag vectors.
What is "blowback" and what pilot action is compensated for it?
Blade flapping that compensates for dysymmetry of lift, gyroscopic procession displays the input 90 degrees later and creates the rotor disk to tilt aft. No pilot action is required because the mechanical mixing unit (Collective to pitch) compensates for
Effective Translational Lift (ETL) begins between 16-24 knots, and continues until what airpseed?
Continues until maximum rate of climb airspeed (when total drag is at its lowest point), then parasite drag affects efficiency.
What is the WARNING associated with AUTOROTATION?
Decellerative attitude should be determined by outside visual reference. Pilots should avoid radar altimeter during critical phases of the maneuver
What are the steady state factors that must be achieved prior to reaching 300 ft AGL on an autorotation?
Rotor within limits
Airspeed above 80 KIAS
Torque <10%
Trim (within 1/2 ball)
Landing area (intended point)