Self awareness theory
the idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values. Escapes = alcohol + social identity
Social identity
the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships. Depersonalisation (no longer individual but group member). Conform to norms
Personal identity
The part of our psychological identity that involves our sense of ourselves as unique individuals. Does it even exist?
Self knowledge
observation of "me" based on actions. No introspective access to "I
Tice 1992
cognitive dissonance. Actions should be in line with cognition. View self on actions
Zimbardo
effect of roles on sense of self. Prison study. Roles affect behaviour + attitudes
Self assessment
seek information on peripheral aspects of self. Improves adaptability
Self verification
the tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self-concept. Seek information on core aspects of self. Confirms self assessment.
Self affirmation
bolstering our identity and self-esteem by taking note of important elements of our identity, such as our important values. Seek knowledge of positive aspects of self. Develop positive self concept
Taylor + Brown
effect of self esteem. Makes us overestimate good points + level of control. Overly optimistic. Except depressed, who are accurate
Bushman + Baumeister 1998
high self esteem is associated with violence + enhanced by criticism
Terror management theory
proposes that faith in one's worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death
Sociometer
Leading theory arguing that self-esteem is a measure of the quality of our relationships with others
Shrauger + Schoeneman 1979
looking glass self. See selves as others see us
Mead
self = social construction
Marsh + Yeung 1997
snowball effects of self concept-academic success-self concept. Achievement effect is largest. Why? Define us? Problems for Education system? Bias towards West (individualistic) culture?
Lockwood 2002
social comparison theory. Validate attitudes by comparing with others. Use downward comparison to help self esteem. Therefore we are vulnerable to others fate. Compare to high other or low other
Cialdini 1979
BIRGing. Collective self esteem e.g. football team
Self evaluation maitenance model
upward comparison then avoid/downplay similarity to aid self esteem
Veale et al , 2003
self schemas. Self discrepency theory. In BDD participants had significant differences in their actual/ought selves + ideal/actual self