cognition
concept
prototype
algorithm
heuristic
insight
confirmation bias
fixation
mental set
functional fixedness
representativeness heuristic
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information
availability heuristic
overconfidence
framing
belief bias
belief perseverance
language
phoneme
morpheme
grammar
semantics
syntax
babbling stage
telegraphic speech
Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
aphasia
impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
intuition