studies of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences on intelligence
becomes more apparent
a 6 year old child has a mental age of 9. the child's IQ is
150
true/false:
in math grades, the average girl typically equals or surpasses the average boy
false
most psychologists believe that racial gaps in test scores
are in large measure caused by environmental factors
standardization refers to the process of
defining meaningful scores relative to a representative pretested group
down syndrome is normally caused by
an extra chromosome int he person's genetic make up
which of the following is not a requirement of a good test?
reliability, standardization, reification, or validity
reification
first time parents geena and brad want to give their baby's intellectual abilities a jump start by providing a super enriched learning environment. experts would suggest that the new parents should
relax, since there is no surefire environmental recipe for giving a child a superior intellect
true/false
the predictive validity of intelligence tests is not as high as their relaibility
true
before about age ______, intelligence tests generally do not predict future scores
3
sorting children into gifted and nongifted educational groups
creates a self fulfilling prophecy, increases social isolation between groups, promotes racial segregation and prejudice.
studies of infants show that babies who quickly become bored with a picture
score higher on intelligence tests many years later
the existence of ______ reinforces the generally accepted notion that intelligence is a multidimensional quality.
savant syndrome
what is the strongest evidence of the role of heredity in determining intelligence?
the IQ scores of identical twins raised separately are more similar than those of fraternal twins raised together.
current estimates are that ____ percent of the total variation among intelligence scores can be attributed to genetic factors
about 50
since 1910, college aptitude test scores have ____ and WAIS scores have _____
declined;risen
the bell-shaped distribution of intelligence scores in the general population is called a
normal curve
research on the effectiveness of head start suggests that enrichment programs
improve school readiness and may provide a small boost to emotional intelligence
what is criterion?
the behavior that a test is designed to predict
what is content validity?
the degree to which a test measures what it is designed to measure
what is reification?
the error of creating a concept and then assuming the created concept has a concrete reality
by creating a label such as "gifted," we begin to act as if all children are naturally divided into two categories, gifted and nongifted. This logical error is referred to as
reification
the formula for the intelligence quotient was devised by
stern
current intelligence tests compute an individual's intelligence score as
the amount by which the test-taker's performance deviates from the average performance of others the same age.
j. mcvicker hunt found that institutionalized children given "tutored human enrichment
thrived intellectually and socially on the benefits of positive caregiving
the concept of a g factor implies that intelligence
is a single overall ability
gerardeen has superb social skills, manages conflicts well, and has great empathy for her friends and co-workers. John mayer, peter salovey, and david caruso would probably say that gerardeen possesses a high degree of
emotional intelligence
by what age does a child's performance on an intelligence test stabalize
7
the flynn effect refers to the fact that
the IQ scores of today's better-fed and educated population exceed that of the 1930's population
in his study of children with high intelligence scores, terman found that
the children were healthy and well-adjusted, and did well academically
when highly skilled people are performing a task, their brains
1. retrieve information from memory more quickly. 2. register simple stimuli more quickly. 3. demonstrate a more complex brain-waive response to stimuli
most experts view intelligence as a person's
ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations
true or false?
About 1 percent of the population is intellectually disabled?
true
true or false?
more females than males are intellectually disabled?
false
true or false?
a majority of the intellectually disabled can learn academic skills
true
prenatal hormones have an influence on
spatial abilities
true or false?
neither education level nor intelligence scores accurately predict income?
false
originally, IQ was defined as
mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100
tests of ______ measure what an individual can do now, whereas tests of ____ predict what an individual will be able to do later.
achievement; aptitude
what most accurately reflects the text's position regarding the relative contribution of genes and environment in determining intelligence?
both genes and life experiences significantly influence performance on intelligence tests
to say that the heritability of a trait is approximately 50 percent means
that of the variation in the trait within a group of people, 50 percent can be attributed to heredity
22 year old Dan has an intelligence score of 63 and the academic skills of a fourth-grader, and he is unable to live independently. Dan probably
is intellectually disabled
at age 16, angel's intelligence score was 110. what will her score probably be at age 32?
110
a school psychologist found that 85 percent of those who scored above 115 on an aptitude test were A students and 75 percent of those who scored below 85 on the test were D students. The psychologist concluded that the test had high
predictive validity because scores on it correlated highly with the criterion behavior
benito was born in 1937. in 1947, he scored 130 on an intelligence test. what was benito's mental age when he took the test?
13
melvin has been diagnosed as having savant syndrome, which means that he
is limited in mental ability but has one exceptional ability
the contribution of environmental factors to racial gaps in intelligence scores is indicated by
1. evidence that individual differences within a race are much greater than differences between races. 2. evidence that white and black infants score equally well on certain measures of infant intelligence 3. the fact that asian students outperform north
hiroko's math achievement score is considerably higher than that of most american students her age. which of the following is true regarding this difference between asian and north american students?
it may be due to the fact that asian students have a longer school year
jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores. this suggests that the test has
high reliability
you would not use a test of hearing acuity as an intelligence test because it would lack
content validity
before becoming attorneys, law students must pass a special licensing exam, which is an ____ test. before entering college, high school students must take the SAT, which is an _____ test.
achievement; aptitude
if you were to compare the same trait in people of similar heredity who live in very different environments; heritability for that trait will be ______; heritability for the trait is most likely to be ______ among people of very different heredities who l
low; high
a psychologist who is looking at a student's intelligence score finds a jump of 30 points between the earliest score at age 2 and the most recent at age 17. the psychologists's knowledge of testing would probably lead her to conclude that such a jump
is mainly the result of the age at which the first test was taken.
if you wanted to develop a test of musical aptitude in north american children, which would be the appropriate standardization group
north american children
don's intelligence scores were only average, but he has been enormously successful as a corporate manager. psychologists sternberg and wagner would probably suggest that
don's practical intelligence exceeds his academic intelligence
according to the text, what can be concluded from early intelligence testing in the united states?
the tests were biased against people who did not share the culture assumed by the test
if asked to guess the intelligence score of a stranger, your best guess would be
100
which of the following is true of people who score high on aptitude tests?
1. they achieve greater career success
2. they are likely to be happier
3. they always do well in school
4. none of the above
4. none of the above